ACT Vocabulary: Argument
Words for claims, reasons, and evidence, each in a short sentence.
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Weekday Path
The debate club's premise is that a path used every weekday for ten years should stay open, and every later reason rests on that claim.
Unproved Accusation
The charge in the editorial is that the night monitor left the lab unlocked, and the writer says that accusation is still unproved.
Yearbook Photo
The editor's reliance on the yearbook photo, rather than on anyone's wishes, is what supports the caption about the old gate.
Six Pages
Lena's brief for the debate runs six pages and sets out her side, the reasons, and the yearbook pages she relies on.
Canceled Check
The canceled check is the warrant for saying the lab fee was paid.
Flood Date
For the date of the flood, the writer cites the county historian as the authority and names her book in the caption.
Closing the Path
The only grounds given for closing the path are two dated photos and one signed statement from a neighbor.
Unsigned Statement
The matter before the school editors is whether an unsigned statement can support the headline about the locked gate.
Missing Book
The issue in the library debate is whether a screenshot is enough when the book itself is missing from the shelf.
Too Blurry
Her position, stated in the first paragraph, is that the gate photo is too blurry to prove who was there.
Driver Sheet
The editorial's stand is that the bus tally should be printed only when the driver's sheet is attached.
Margin Scribble
The librarian's view is that a pencil scribble in the margin is not evidence the book was finished.
Old Route Map
The old route map shed light on the statement that the stop had moved, because the map still shows the corner store.
After Lockup
In the debate handbook, the sense of the word late is after the library locks the door, not simply after the last class.
Exact Wording
The editors followed the letter of the rule and accepted only statements with a handwritten name at the bottom.
Clear Email
The club followed the spirit of the rule by accepting a clear email, even though the written rule asks for a signed sheet.
Daily Totals
The body of the write-up is the table of daily totals, and the opening sentence is only a question.
Gym Crowd
In the debate, the term crowd is reserved for more than forty people in the gym.
Same Afternoon
The editors' construal of the message is that soon meant the same afternoon.
Smudged Log
Maya's reading of the smudged log is that the blank line shows the gate was not checked.
Seniors Only
Priya's reservation about the survey is that it asked only seniors, so she will not extend the result to the whole school.
Weekday Clause
His proviso on the statement is the clause that limits the tally to weekdays.
Camera Copy
The editors will print the statement on one condition: the photographer must attach the camera copy.
Hallway Retelling
The editorial draws a distinction between a signed statement and a retelling passed along in the hallway.
Totals Without Dates
Lila's objection to the chart is that it has totals but no dates, so she says the statement still needs support.
Locked at Noon
As an illustration of the statement, the speech describes one Tuesday when the gate was locked at noon.
Not Left Alone
The example in the speech is the locked gate on Tuesday, offered so the general statement does not remain alone.
Last Year's Sheet
The club used last year's signed sheet as the model for what is enough evidence this year.
Three Fridays
The pattern in the log, the same missing check on three Fridays, is the evidence the editorial uses.
Older Rule
Nora's parallel is the 2019 gate dispute, which she uses as a reason to trust the older rule.
Yearbook Caption
The source of the date is the 1998 yearbook, which the editor names in the caption.
Missing Name
The root of the argument is the missing handwritten name, which the writer says is why the page should not be printed.
Public Path
The heart of the editorial is the statement that the path is public, and the jokes in the last lines sit aside from that point.
Dated Photo
The core of his argument is the dated photo, and every other sentence only repeats it.
Skipped Sunday
The kernel of the message is that the tally skipped Sunday, and the rest is a polite greeting.
Two Interviews
The meat of the opinion piece is the pair of interviews, not the joke in the first line.
Three Zero Days
The substance of the complaint is that the chart hides the three days when the total was zero.
Rule Then Day
The form of the argument is one general rule followed by a single day from the log.
Late Bus Headline
The frame of the headline puts a late bus and a skipped stop into one statement about safety.
One Street
The slant of the write-up is that every instance comes from one street, so the statement leans toward that block.
Days Left Out
The spin in the headline leaves out the three days when the total was zero.
Same Block
The bias in the published piece is that every quoted person lives on the same block.
Library Fine
The cast of the sentence makes an unpaid library fine sound like a crime.
Under the Chart
Her note under the chart says the tally skipped Sunday.
Photo Credit
The citation under the photo names the 2004 yearbook and the page where the gate appears.
Yearbook Page
The writer added a reference to page 12 of the yearbook so readers can find the gate photo.
Interview List
The index at the back of the write-up lists every interview that was used.
Three Requirements
The editors' canon for a message is a date, a handwritten name, and a fact the writer saw.
Debate Sheet
The rubric on the debate sheet says a strong reason must name where the fact comes from.
Date Plus Name
The editors' standard for printing a statement is a date plus a handwritten name.
Names the Day
Their criterion for a usable message is whether it names the day the writer was there.
Blurry Photo
A blurry photo does not meet the bar the editors set for showing who was at the gate.
Muddy Gate
The muddy mark by the gate is the evidence that a bike had been wheeled through.
Footprints
The club called the line of footprints a trace that someone had crossed the garden after the speech.
Bike Rack
The track of muddy prints from the gate to the bike rack is the evidence the message relies on.
Torn Tape
The torn tape was a sign that the envelope had been opened before the meeting.
Ticket Stub
The torn ticket stub was his voucher that he had been at the game described in the school news.
Accepted Numbers
The principal's stamp on the tally is what shows that the school accepts the numbers.
Genuine Date
The library seal pressed onto the sheet is what shows that the date is genuine.
Bottom of the Tally
The signature at the bottom is the evidence that Ortiz read the tally.
Forty Students
The signed sheet is the proof the club offered that forty students wanted the late bus.
March Figures
The club used the March ridership figures as a test of the statement that ridership had fallen.
Two Weeks
The library ran a two-week trial of the attendance sheet to see whether mornings really were the busy time.
Two Nights
The committee's finding, after studying the logs, is that the side door was unlocked on two nights.
Fence in June
Her conclusion, drawn from the two dated photos, is that the fence was moved in June.
Key Holder
From the starting statement that only key holders could enter, her corollary is that a key holder opened the lab.
Four Schools
Her induction from lock checks at four schools is the general statement that most side doors stay open at noon.
Empty Name
The consequence of the empty name line is that the sheet was never approved, though the paragraph never says that outright.
Blank Page
The import of the blank page is serious, because the total the headline needs was never written down.
Trees and the Path
The tenor of the editorial is that the path should stay open, even in the sentences that talk about trees.
Too Dim
The drift of the speech is that the photo is too dim to identify anyone, though the speaker never puts that into one sentence.
Publish the Tally
The thrust of the editorial is that the club should publish the tally, and the thanks in the first line are not that point.
Who Must Show It
The burden stayed with the side that wanted the headline changed, because that side had to bring the evidence.
Three Signed Logs
The weight of the evidence is the three signed logs, not the single unsigned email.
Logs and Emails
The editorial asks for a weighing of the logs and the emails before a reader picks a date.
Twice Tallied
Her account of the meeting is what the school news prints: the vote was tallied twice, and she lists the names.
Attendance Sheets
The committee's report states what the attendance sheets show and does not discuss anyone's character.
Four Lines
The synopsis at the top of the library essay gives the statement and the two reasons in four lines.
Debate Handout
The digest handed out at the debate is four pages of the main points from the longer study.
May the Third
The entry for May 3 in the log is the evidence that the alarm was checked that morning.
Late Arrivals
The record kept by the front desk is what the school news cites for the late arrivals.
Permission Slips
The file in the library drawer holds the signed permission slips the school news relies on.
Torn Poster
The exhibit labeled B at the club meeting was the torn poster the speakers used to support their statement.
Missing Friday
Her article in the school news argues that the tally should be reprinted with the missing Friday.
Should Not Use It
In her column, Ruth argues that the unsigned statement should not be treated as evidence.
Full Page
The feature on the library debate spends a full page on which signed statements were accepted as evidence.
One by One
Priya's review of the club proposal judges the reasons one by one and names the facts that are missing.
History Class
Jonah's paper for history class argues that the late bus started in 2016 and cites two old route sheets.
Shut or Open
Ortiz's version is that the gate was shut at noon, while the email says it was open.
On the Path
The story Ben gave the school news is what he says he saw on the path, and the editor keeps it with the dated photo.
Noon Lock
Nora's claim is that the gate was locked at noon, and she offers the log to support it.
Display Case
The club's title to the display case rests on the signed gift card, the evidence of ownership.
Shop Lease
The shop has an interest in the sidewalk dispute because its lease is one of the documents in the folder.
Later Date
The case for the later date is two photos and a signed statement, and that is the whole argument.
Missing Placard
The first count in the complaint is the statement that the gate was locked, and the second count is about the missing placard.
The Log Decides
Her plea in the debate is her answer that the log should decide the question, not a request for a favor.
Three Reasons
The defense in the school news is a set of reasons: the photo is dated, the log matches it, and the hallway talk has no name.
Before the Meeting
The leak of the tally, a copy passed along before the club met, is the evidence behind the headline.
Wet Mat
From the wet mat and the locked door, the inference in the school news is that someone came in before the rain stopped.
Rainy Friday
Treating one rainy Friday as enough to show that the gate drips all month is the fallacy in the speech.
Next Day Reply
The school news ran Jordan's rebuttal the next day, a reply showing that the Friday line had been in the log all along.
Ridership Drop
The science club's hypothesis is the explanation it will check: the late bus, not the rain, is why ridership dropped.
Blank Lines
The argument's assumption, never shown in the speech, is that every blank line shows the door was not checked.
What She Saw
Her testimony at the club meeting was the statement that she saw the gate locked, offered so the point would rest on a witness.
He Grants It
His concession in the debate is the point he grants: the Friday line really is missing from the log.
Morning Walk
The anecdote she uses as evidence is her walk to school on the morning the gate was shut.
No First Speaker
The rumor that the roof had a drip never became evidence, because no one could name the person who first said it.
Not Saturdays
Her caveat is that the tally covers only weekdays, so any statement about crowds cannot include Saturdays.