ACT Vocabulary: Argument

Words for claims, reasons, and evidence, each in a short sentence.

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Weekday Path

The debate club's premise is that a path used every weekday for ten years should stay open, and every later reason rests on that claim.

  1. 1.As used in the text, what does the word "premise" most nearly mean?

Unproved Accusation

The charge in the editorial is that the night monitor left the lab unlocked, and the writer says that accusation is still unproved.

  1. 2.As used in the text, what does the word "charge" most nearly mean?

Yearbook Photo

The editor's reliance on the yearbook photo, rather than on anyone's wishes, is what supports the caption about the old gate.

  1. 3.As used in the text, what does the word "reliance" most nearly mean?

Six Pages

Lena's brief for the debate runs six pages and sets out her side, the reasons, and the yearbook pages she relies on.

  1. 4.As used in the text, what does the word "brief" most nearly mean?

Canceled Check

The canceled check is the warrant for saying the lab fee was paid.

  1. 5.As used in the text, what does the word "warrant" most nearly mean?

Flood Date

For the date of the flood, the writer cites the county historian as the authority and names her book in the caption.

  1. 6.As used in the text, what does the word "authority" most nearly mean?

Closing the Path

The only grounds given for closing the path are two dated photos and one signed statement from a neighbor.

  1. 7.As used in the text, what does the word "grounds" most nearly mean?

Unsigned Statement

The matter before the school editors is whether an unsigned statement can support the headline about the locked gate.

  1. 8.As used in the text, what does the word "matter" most nearly mean?

Missing Book

The issue in the library debate is whether a screenshot is enough when the book itself is missing from the shelf.

  1. 9.As used in the text, what does the word "issue" most nearly mean?

Too Blurry

Her position, stated in the first paragraph, is that the gate photo is too blurry to prove who was there.

  1. 10.As used in the text, what does the word "position" most nearly mean?

Driver Sheet

The editorial's stand is that the bus tally should be printed only when the driver's sheet is attached.

  1. 11.As used in the text, what does the word "stand" most nearly mean?

Margin Scribble

The librarian's view is that a pencil scribble in the margin is not evidence the book was finished.

  1. 12.As used in the text, what does the word "view" most nearly mean?

Old Route Map

The old route map shed light on the statement that the stop had moved, because the map still shows the corner store.

  1. 13.As used in the text, what does the word "light" most nearly mean?

After Lockup

In the debate handbook, the sense of the word late is after the library locks the door, not simply after the last class.

  1. 14.As used in the text, what does the word "sense" most nearly mean?

Exact Wording

The editors followed the letter of the rule and accepted only statements with a handwritten name at the bottom.

  1. 15.As used in the text, what does the word "letter" most nearly mean?

Clear Email

The club followed the spirit of the rule by accepting a clear email, even though the written rule asks for a signed sheet.

  1. 16.As used in the text, what does the word "spirit" most nearly mean?

Daily Totals

The body of the write-up is the table of daily totals, and the opening sentence is only a question.

  1. 17.As used in the text, what does the word "body" most nearly mean?

Gym Crowd

In the debate, the term crowd is reserved for more than forty people in the gym.

  1. 18.As used in the text, what does the word "term" most nearly mean?

Same Afternoon

The editors' construal of the message is that soon meant the same afternoon.

  1. 19.As used in the text, what does the word "construal" most nearly mean?

Smudged Log

Maya's reading of the smudged log is that the blank line shows the gate was not checked.

  1. 20.As used in the text, what does the word "reading" most nearly mean?

Seniors Only

Priya's reservation about the survey is that it asked only seniors, so she will not extend the result to the whole school.

  1. 21.As used in the text, what does the word "reservation" most nearly mean?

Weekday Clause

His proviso on the statement is the clause that limits the tally to weekdays.

  1. 22.As used in the text, what does the word "proviso" most nearly mean?

Camera Copy

The editors will print the statement on one condition: the photographer must attach the camera copy.

  1. 23.As used in the text, what does the word "condition" most nearly mean?

Hallway Retelling

The editorial draws a distinction between a signed statement and a retelling passed along in the hallway.

  1. 24.As used in the text, what does the word "distinction" most nearly mean?

Totals Without Dates

Lila's objection to the chart is that it has totals but no dates, so she says the statement still needs support.

  1. 25.As used in the text, what does the word "objection" most nearly mean?

Locked at Noon

As an illustration of the statement, the speech describes one Tuesday when the gate was locked at noon.

  1. 26.As used in the text, what does the word "illustration" most nearly mean?

Not Left Alone

The example in the speech is the locked gate on Tuesday, offered so the general statement does not remain alone.

  1. 27.As used in the text, what does the word "example" most nearly mean?

Last Year's Sheet

The club used last year's signed sheet as the model for what is enough evidence this year.

  1. 28.As used in the text, what does the word "model" most nearly mean?

Three Fridays

The pattern in the log, the same missing check on three Fridays, is the evidence the editorial uses.

  1. 29.As used in the text, what does the word "pattern" most nearly mean?

Older Rule

Nora's parallel is the 2019 gate dispute, which she uses as a reason to trust the older rule.

  1. 30.As used in the text, what does the word "parallel" most nearly mean?

Yearbook Caption

The source of the date is the 1998 yearbook, which the editor names in the caption.

  1. 31.As used in the text, what does the word "source" most nearly mean?

Missing Name

The root of the argument is the missing handwritten name, which the writer says is why the page should not be printed.

  1. 32.As used in the text, what does the word "root" most nearly mean?

Public Path

The heart of the editorial is the statement that the path is public, and the jokes in the last lines sit aside from that point.

  1. 33.As used in the text, what does the word "heart" most nearly mean?

Dated Photo

The core of his argument is the dated photo, and every other sentence only repeats it.

  1. 34.As used in the text, what does the word "core" most nearly mean?

Skipped Sunday

The kernel of the message is that the tally skipped Sunday, and the rest is a polite greeting.

  1. 35.As used in the text, what does the word "kernel" most nearly mean?

Two Interviews

The meat of the opinion piece is the pair of interviews, not the joke in the first line.

  1. 36.As used in the text, what does the word "meat" most nearly mean?

Three Zero Days

The substance of the complaint is that the chart hides the three days when the total was zero.

  1. 37.As used in the text, what does the word "substance" most nearly mean?

Rule Then Day

The form of the argument is one general rule followed by a single day from the log.

  1. 38.As used in the text, what does the word "form" most nearly mean?

Late Bus Headline

The frame of the headline puts a late bus and a skipped stop into one statement about safety.

  1. 39.As used in the text, what does the word "frame" most nearly mean?

One Street

The slant of the write-up is that every instance comes from one street, so the statement leans toward that block.

  1. 40.As used in the text, what does the word "slant" most nearly mean?

Days Left Out

The spin in the headline leaves out the three days when the total was zero.

  1. 41.As used in the text, what does the word "spin" most nearly mean?

Same Block

The bias in the published piece is that every quoted person lives on the same block.

  1. 42.As used in the text, what does the word "bias" most nearly mean?

Library Fine

The cast of the sentence makes an unpaid library fine sound like a crime.

  1. 43.As used in the text, what does the word "cast" most nearly mean?

Under the Chart

Her note under the chart says the tally skipped Sunday.

  1. 44.As used in the text, what does the word "note" most nearly mean?

Photo Credit

The citation under the photo names the 2004 yearbook and the page where the gate appears.

  1. 45.As used in the text, what does the word "citation" most nearly mean?

Yearbook Page

The writer added a reference to page 12 of the yearbook so readers can find the gate photo.

  1. 46.As used in the text, what does the word "reference" most nearly mean?

Interview List

The index at the back of the write-up lists every interview that was used.

  1. 47.As used in the text, what does the word "index" most nearly mean?

Three Requirements

The editors' canon for a message is a date, a handwritten name, and a fact the writer saw.

  1. 48.As used in the text, what does the word "canon" most nearly mean?

Debate Sheet

The rubric on the debate sheet says a strong reason must name where the fact comes from.

  1. 49.As used in the text, what does the word "rubric" most nearly mean?

Date Plus Name

The editors' standard for printing a statement is a date plus a handwritten name.

  1. 50.As used in the text, what does the word "standard" most nearly mean?

Names the Day

Their criterion for a usable message is whether it names the day the writer was there.

  1. 51.As used in the text, what does the word "criterion" most nearly mean?

Blurry Photo

A blurry photo does not meet the bar the editors set for showing who was at the gate.

  1. 52.As used in the text, what does the word "bar" most nearly mean?

Muddy Gate

The muddy mark by the gate is the evidence that a bike had been wheeled through.

  1. 53.As used in the text, what does the word "mark" most nearly mean?

Footprints

The club called the line of footprints a trace that someone had crossed the garden after the speech.

  1. 54.As used in the text, what does the word "trace" most nearly mean?

Bike Rack

The track of muddy prints from the gate to the bike rack is the evidence the message relies on.

  1. 55.As used in the text, what does the word "track" most nearly mean?

Torn Tape

The torn tape was a sign that the envelope had been opened before the meeting.

  1. 56.As used in the text, what does the word "sign" most nearly mean?

Ticket Stub

The torn ticket stub was his voucher that he had been at the game described in the school news.

  1. 57.As used in the text, what does the word "voucher" most nearly mean?

Accepted Numbers

The principal's stamp on the tally is what shows that the school accepts the numbers.

  1. 58.As used in the text, what does the word "stamp" most nearly mean?

Genuine Date

The library seal pressed onto the sheet is what shows that the date is genuine.

  1. 59.As used in the text, what does the word "seal" most nearly mean?

Bottom of the Tally

The signature at the bottom is the evidence that Ortiz read the tally.

  1. 60.As used in the text, what does the word "signature" most nearly mean?

Forty Students

The signed sheet is the proof the club offered that forty students wanted the late bus.

  1. 61.As used in the text, what does the word "proof" most nearly mean?

March Figures

The club used the March ridership figures as a test of the statement that ridership had fallen.

  1. 62.As used in the text, what does the word "test" most nearly mean?

Two Weeks

The library ran a two-week trial of the attendance sheet to see whether mornings really were the busy time.

  1. 63.As used in the text, what does the word "trial" most nearly mean?

Two Nights

The committee's finding, after studying the logs, is that the side door was unlocked on two nights.

  1. 64.As used in the text, what does the word "finding" most nearly mean?

Fence in June

Her conclusion, drawn from the two dated photos, is that the fence was moved in June.

  1. 65.As used in the text, what does the word "conclusion" most nearly mean?

Key Holder

From the starting statement that only key holders could enter, her corollary is that a key holder opened the lab.

  1. 66.As used in the text, what does the word "corollary" most nearly mean?

Four Schools

Her induction from lock checks at four schools is the general statement that most side doors stay open at noon.

  1. 67.As used in the text, what does the word "induction" most nearly mean?

Empty Name

The consequence of the empty name line is that the sheet was never approved, though the paragraph never says that outright.

  1. 68.As used in the text, what does the word "consequence" most nearly mean?

Blank Page

The import of the blank page is serious, because the total the headline needs was never written down.

  1. 69.As used in the text, what does the word "import" most nearly mean?

Trees and the Path

The tenor of the editorial is that the path should stay open, even in the sentences that talk about trees.

  1. 70.As used in the text, what does the word "tenor" most nearly mean?

Too Dim

The drift of the speech is that the photo is too dim to identify anyone, though the speaker never puts that into one sentence.

  1. 71.As used in the text, what does the word "drift" most nearly mean?

Publish the Tally

The thrust of the editorial is that the club should publish the tally, and the thanks in the first line are not that point.

  1. 72.As used in the text, what does the word "thrust" most nearly mean?

Who Must Show It

The burden stayed with the side that wanted the headline changed, because that side had to bring the evidence.

  1. 73.As used in the text, what does the word "burden" most nearly mean?

Three Signed Logs

The weight of the evidence is the three signed logs, not the single unsigned email.

  1. 74.As used in the text, what does the word "weight" most nearly mean?

Logs and Emails

The editorial asks for a weighing of the logs and the emails before a reader picks a date.

  1. 75.As used in the text, what does the word "weighing" most nearly mean?

Twice Tallied

Her account of the meeting is what the school news prints: the vote was tallied twice, and she lists the names.

  1. 76.As used in the text, what does the word "account" most nearly mean?

Attendance Sheets

The committee's report states what the attendance sheets show and does not discuss anyone's character.

  1. 77.As used in the text, what does the word "report" most nearly mean?

Four Lines

The synopsis at the top of the library essay gives the statement and the two reasons in four lines.

  1. 78.As used in the text, what does the word "synopsis" most nearly mean?

Debate Handout

The digest handed out at the debate is four pages of the main points from the longer study.

  1. 79.As used in the text, what does the word "digest" most nearly mean?

May the Third

The entry for May 3 in the log is the evidence that the alarm was checked that morning.

  1. 80.As used in the text, what does the word "entry" most nearly mean?

Late Arrivals

The record kept by the front desk is what the school news cites for the late arrivals.

  1. 81.As used in the text, what does the word "record" most nearly mean?

Permission Slips

The file in the library drawer holds the signed permission slips the school news relies on.

  1. 82.As used in the text, what does the word "file" most nearly mean?

Torn Poster

The exhibit labeled B at the club meeting was the torn poster the speakers used to support their statement.

  1. 83.As used in the text, what does the word "exhibit" most nearly mean?

Missing Friday

Her article in the school news argues that the tally should be reprinted with the missing Friday.

  1. 84.As used in the text, what does the word "article" most nearly mean?

Should Not Use It

In her column, Ruth argues that the unsigned statement should not be treated as evidence.

  1. 85.As used in the text, what does the word "column" most nearly mean?

Full Page

The feature on the library debate spends a full page on which signed statements were accepted as evidence.

  1. 86.As used in the text, what does the word "feature" most nearly mean?

One by One

Priya's review of the club proposal judges the reasons one by one and names the facts that are missing.

  1. 87.As used in the text, what does the word "review" most nearly mean?

History Class

Jonah's paper for history class argues that the late bus started in 2016 and cites two old route sheets.

  1. 88.As used in the text, what does the word "paper" most nearly mean?

Shut or Open

Ortiz's version is that the gate was shut at noon, while the email says it was open.

  1. 89.As used in the text, what does the word "version" most nearly mean?

On the Path

The story Ben gave the school news is what he says he saw on the path, and the editor keeps it with the dated photo.

  1. 90.As used in the text, what does the word "story" most nearly mean?

Noon Lock

Nora's claim is that the gate was locked at noon, and she offers the log to support it.

  1. 91.As used in the text, what does the word "claim" most nearly mean?

Display Case

The club's title to the display case rests on the signed gift card, the evidence of ownership.

  1. 92.As used in the text, what does the word "title" most nearly mean?

Shop Lease

The shop has an interest in the sidewalk dispute because its lease is one of the documents in the folder.

  1. 93.As used in the text, what does the word "interest" most nearly mean?

Later Date

The case for the later date is two photos and a signed statement, and that is the whole argument.

  1. 94.As used in the text, what does the word "case" most nearly mean?

Missing Placard

The first count in the complaint is the statement that the gate was locked, and the second count is about the missing placard.

  1. 95.As used in the text, what does the word "count" most nearly mean?

The Log Decides

Her plea in the debate is her answer that the log should decide the question, not a request for a favor.

  1. 96.As used in the text, what does the word "plea" most nearly mean?

Three Reasons

The defense in the school news is a set of reasons: the photo is dated, the log matches it, and the hallway talk has no name.

  1. 97.As used in the text, what does the word "defense" most nearly mean?

Before the Meeting

The leak of the tally, a copy passed along before the club met, is the evidence behind the headline.

  1. 98.As used in the text, what does the word "leak" most nearly mean?

Wet Mat

From the wet mat and the locked door, the inference in the school news is that someone came in before the rain stopped.

  1. 99.As used in the text, what does the word "inference" most nearly mean?

Rainy Friday

Treating one rainy Friday as enough to show that the gate drips all month is the fallacy in the speech.

  1. 100.As used in the text, what does the word "fallacy" most nearly mean?

Next Day Reply

The school news ran Jordan's rebuttal the next day, a reply showing that the Friday line had been in the log all along.

  1. 101.As used in the text, what does the word "rebuttal" most nearly mean?

Ridership Drop

The science club's hypothesis is the explanation it will check: the late bus, not the rain, is why ridership dropped.

  1. 102.As used in the text, what does the word "hypothesis" most nearly mean?

Blank Lines

The argument's assumption, never shown in the speech, is that every blank line shows the door was not checked.

  1. 103.As used in the text, what does the word "assumption" most nearly mean?

What She Saw

Her testimony at the club meeting was the statement that she saw the gate locked, offered so the point would rest on a witness.

  1. 104.As used in the text, what does the word "testimony" most nearly mean?

He Grants It

His concession in the debate is the point he grants: the Friday line really is missing from the log.

  1. 105.As used in the text, what does the word "concession" most nearly mean?

Morning Walk

The anecdote she uses as evidence is her walk to school on the morning the gate was shut.

  1. 106.As used in the text, what does the word "anecdote" most nearly mean?

No First Speaker

The rumor that the roof had a drip never became evidence, because no one could name the person who first said it.

  1. 107.As used in the text, what does the word "rumor" most nearly mean?

Not Saturdays

Her caveat is that the tally covers only weekdays, so any statement about crowds cannot include Saturdays.

  1. 108.As used in the text, what does the word "caveat" most nearly mean?