SAT Vocabulary: Argument

Words for claims, reasons, and evidence, each in a short sentence.

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Debate on bus times

Maya paused in the school debate and had to acknowledge that the other team had a fair point about crowded buses.

  1. 1.As used in the text, what does the word "acknowledge" most nearly mean?

Letter about a parking sign

Rosa's letter to the town paper would allege that the new parking rule was never posted on Oak Street.

  1. 2.As used in the text, what does the word "allege" most nearly mean?

Flyer for the club budget

The club vote flyer used an analogy, likening the budget fight to a boat that takes on water.

  1. 3.As used in the text, what does the word "analogy" most nearly mean?

Review of a mystery novel

The book review rested on an assumption that every reader already knew how the mystery ended.

  1. 4.As used in the text, what does the word "assumption" most nearly mean?

Comments at a block gathering

At the neighbor meeting, one speaker's bias toward the park plan showed in every sentence he offered.

  1. 5.As used in the text, what does the word "bias" most nearly mean?

Opening speech on start times

Jordan opened the school debate with a claim that later start times would help students stay awake.

  1. 6.As used in the text, what does the word "claim" most nearly mean?

After the losing vote

Once the club vote ended, Priya did concede that the losing plan had one useful idea.

  1. 7.As used in the text, what does the word "concede" most nearly mean?

Fair board wrap-up

The science-fair write-up ended with a conclusion that the plants by the window looked healthier.

  1. 8.As used in the text, what does the word "conclusion" most nearly mean?

Sunday library hours

Letters to the town paper showed a consensus that the library should stay open on Sundays.

  1. 9.As used in the text, what does the word "consensus" most nearly mean?

Two flyers about a fence

Leo stopped the neighbor meeting to point out a contradiction between the two flyers about the fence height.

  1. 10.As used in the text, what does the word "contradiction" most nearly mean?

Phones in class

The school debate took up a controversy over whether phones belong in class at all.

  1. 11.As used in the text, what does the word "controversy" most nearly mean?

Second letter on a crosswalk

A second letter to the town paper helped corroborate the account of the broken crosswalk light.

  1. 12.As used in the text, what does the word "corroborate" most nearly mean?

Dues increase debate

During the club vote, Nadia offered a counterclaim that higher dues would drive members away.

  1. 13.As used in the text, what does the word "counterclaim" most nearly mean?

Dates that do not match

The book review questioned the writer's credibility after two dates in the story did not match.

  1. 14.As used in the text, what does the word "credibility" most nearly mean?

Sidewalk plan remarks

Sam stood at the neighbor meeting and gave a critique of the sidewalk plan, naming what worked and what did not.

  1. 15.As used in the text, what does the word "critique" most nearly mean?

Footprints by the gate

From the muddy footprints and the open gate, the debate coach made a deduction that someone had crossed the field.

  1. 16.As used in the text, what does the word "deduction" most nearly mean?

Photos of a flooded corner

The letter to the town paper offered evidence in the form of three photos of the flooded corner.

  1. 17.As used in the text, what does the word "evidence" most nearly mean?

One late bus

Chris, speaking in the school debate, would exaggerate by saying one late bus ruined the whole year.

  1. 18.As used in the text, what does the word "exaggerate" most nearly mean?

One complaint, every member

The club flyer committed a fallacy by treating one complaint as a sign that every member was unhappy.

  1. 19.As used in the text, what does the word "fallacy" most nearly mean?

All mysteries, one pattern

The book review slipped into a generalization that every mystery hides the culprit until the last page.

  1. 20.As used in the text, what does the word "generalization" most nearly mean?

Shade and cooler soil

The science-fair poster named its hypothesis in ordinary words: shade would keep the soil cooler.

  1. 21.As used in the text, what does the word "hypothesis" most nearly mean?

A note about lost sleep

The neighbor's note never said the dog was noisy, but it did imply that by mentioning lost sleep.

  1. 22.As used in the text, what does the word "imply" most nearly mean?

Empty chairs in the gym

Seeing empty chairs and a dark gym, Aisha drew an inference that the club meeting had already ended.

  1. 23.As used in the text, what does the word "inference" most nearly mean?

The closed door in chapter twelve

The book club asked Dana to interpret the last chapter and say what the closed door stood for.

  1. 24.As used in the text, what does the word "interpret" most nearly mean?

A longer lunch line

Luis tried, in the school debate, to justify a longer lunch by pointing to meals eaten in a rush.

  1. 25.As used in the text, what does the word "justify" most nearly mean?

A closed bridge and a detour

The town-paper letter relied on logic: if the bridge is closed, the detour must be marked.

  1. 26.As used in the text, what does the word "logic" most nearly mean?

Blank ballots and yes votes

Elena raised an objection during the club vote, refusing to count blank ballots as yes votes.

  1. 27.As used in the text, what does the word "objection" most nearly mean?

The oak on the corner

Mr. Cole opened the neighbor meeting with an opinion that the oak tree on the corner should stay.

  1. 28.As used in the text, what does the word "opinion" most nearly mean?

Calm examples for the judges

The debate captain hoped to persuade the judges with two calm stories rather than a shout.

  1. 29.As used in the text, what does the word "persuade" most nearly mean?

Short novels can feel whole

A book review built from this premise: a short novel can still feel complete.

  1. 30.As used in the text, what does the word "premise" most nearly mean?

A dated photo of a pothole

At the neighbor meeting, a dated photo served as proof that the pothole had been there since March.

  1. 31.As used in the text, what does the word "proof" most nearly mean?

A claim limited to seniors

Omar had to qualify his claim in the school debate, adding that the idea worked only for seniors.

  1. 32.As used in the text, what does the word "qualify" most nearly mean?

Why the crosswalk matters

One letter gave a reason for the crosswalk: children cross that corner after school.

  1. 33.As used in the text, what does the word "reason" most nearly mean?

Answering the picnic charge

A club speaker stood to rebut the charge, answering that the picnic had paid for three needed repairs.

  1. 34.As used in the text, what does the word "rebut" most nearly mean?

Plots that do not match

The book review set out to refute the idea that the novel copied an older plot by showing the two plots share no scenes.

  1. 35.As used in the text, what does the word "refute" most nearly mean?

A poster and its theme

A science-fair judge asked about relevance, wondering how the poster connected to the assigned theme.

  1. 36.As used in the text, what does the word "relevance" most nearly mean?

Stirring phrases, thin facts

Most of the neighbor's speech was rhetoric, full of stirring phrases and thin on facts.

  1. 37.As used in the text, what does the word "rhetoric" most nearly mean?

Why the vote failed

With no minutes in hand, the town paper could only speculate about why the evening vote failed.

  1. 38.As used in the text, what does the word "speculate" most nearly mean?

Athletes and homework

The school debate warned students against a stereotype that every athlete ignores homework.

  1. 39.As used in the text, what does the word "stereotype" most nearly mean?

Missed trash pickups

To substantiate the complaint, the letter listed the dates of three missed trash pickups.

  1. 40.As used in the text, what does the word "substantiate" most nearly mean?

Kindness over winning

The book review stated its thesis in the first line: the story values kindness over winning.

  1. 41.As used in the text, what does the word "thesis" most nearly mean?

A voice vote and the bylaws

Club members questioned the validity of counting a voice vote when the bylaws require paper ballots.

  1. 42.As used in the text, what does the word "validity" most nearly mean?

Two minutes on the mural

Each viewpoint at the neighbor meeting got two minutes on whether the mural should stay.

  1. 43.As used in the text, what does the word "viewpoint" most nearly mean?

Cloudy photos and a broad claim

The science-fair notes said those cloudy photos did not warrant a claim that rain helps every plant.

  1. 44.As used in the text, what does the word "warrant" most nearly mean?

Missing the bus, staying calm

The school debate opened with an anecdote about a student who missed the bus and still arrived calm.

  1. 45.As used in the text, what does the word "anecdote" most nearly mean?

A stop sign before winter

The letter made an assertion that the corner needs a stop sign before winter.

  1. 46.As used in the text, what does the word "assertion" most nearly mean?

A budget that needs steady dues

The club chair added a caveat that the budget plan works only if dues stay the same.

  1. 47.As used in the text, what does the word "caveat" most nearly mean?

Finding the discussed page

The book review included a citation so readers could find the page being discussed.

  1. 48.As used in the text, what does the word "citation" most nearly mean?

Panels that disagree

The science-fair poster lost coherence when the last panel disagreed with the first.

  1. 49.As used in the text, what does the word "coherence" most nearly mean?

A shorter shared fence

As a concession, the neighbor agreed the fence could be shorter on the shared side.

  1. 50.As used in the text, what does the word "concession" most nearly mean?

Rain and a light turnout

Without the full tally, the town paper offered a conjecture that rain had kept voters home, based on wet papers by the door.

  1. 51.As used in the text, what does the word "conjecture" most nearly mean?

Late buses and the setting

The school debate made more sense in context once students heard about the late buses.

  1. 52.As used in the text, what does the word "context" most nearly mean?

Lights and fewer complaints

The letter noted a correlation between new street lights and fewer evening complaints.

  1. 53.As used in the text, what does the word "correlation" most nearly mean?

Rules for the mural contest

The club posted its criteria for the mural contest: clarity, kindness, and a tie to the town.

  1. 54.As used in the text, what does the word "criteria" most nearly mean?

Truth or a friend

The book review described the hero's dilemma of whether to tell the truth or protect a friend.

  1. 55.As used in the text, what does the word "dilemma" most nearly mean?

A path on only one map

Neighbors found a discrepancy when one map showed a path the other map left out.

  1. 56.As used in the text, what does the word "discrepancy" most nearly mean?

A guess versus a backed point

The debate coach drew a distinction between a guess and a point backed by a checkable detail.

  1. 57.As used in the text, what does the word "distinction" most nearly mean?

Safety in the last line

The letter put emphasis on safety by repeating the crosswalk concern in the last line.

  1. 58.As used in the text, what does the word "emphasis" most nearly mean?

One tomato in the heat

As an example, the science-fair student described one tomato plant that wilted in the heat.

  1. 59.As used in the text, what does the word "example" most nearly mean?

A tie and a second vote

The club rule had an exception allowing officers to vote twice only to break a tie.

  1. 60.As used in the text, what does the word "exception" most nearly mean?

Where the park bench went

The town paper asked for an explanation of why the bench was removed from the park.

  1. 61.As used in the text, what does the word "explanation" most nearly mean?

Twenty minutes in line

The school debate stuck to one fact: the cafeteria line takes twenty minutes.

  1. 62.As used in the text, what does the word "fact" most nearly mean?

An ending that rushes

The book review named a flaw in the ending, which solves the problem too quickly.

  1. 63.As used in the text, what does the word "flaw" most nearly mean?

Morning light and a taller fence

The neighbor's question carried an implication that a taller fence would block the morning light.

  1. 64.As used in the text, what does the word "implication" most nearly mean?

Quiet street, loud siren

The letter showed an inconsistency by praising the quiet street and then demanding a louder siren.

  1. 65.As used in the text, what does the word "inconsistency" most nearly mean?

Empty bike racks

Empty bike racks outside the debate were an indication that rain had kept riders home.

  1. 66.As used in the text, what does the word "indication" most nearly mean?

Reading the old motto

The club offered an interpretation of the old motto, taking it as a call to share the work.

  1. 67.As used in the text, what does the word "interpretation" most nearly mean?

Readers still arguing the ending

The book review treated the surprise ending as an issue readers still argue about.

  1. 68.As used in the text, what does the word "issue" most nearly mean?

A chart people can read quickly

The science-fair notes gave a justification for the simple chart: visitors needed to read it quickly.

  1. 69.As used in the text, what does the word "justification" most nearly mean?

Room for two cars

The neighbor added a limitation, saying the shared driveway plan fits only two cars.

  1. 70.As used in the text, what does the word "limitation" most nearly mean?

Lunch and class time

The school debate corrected a misconception that a longer lunch cuts class time every day.

  1. 71.As used in the text, what does the word "misconception" most nearly mean?

Noon rush and evening calm

The letter captured a nuance: the park can be busy at noon and still feel calm at dusk.

  1. 72.As used in the text, what does the word "nuance" most nearly mean?

Chairs still empty at seven

The club secretary recorded an observation that half the chairs were still empty at seven.

  1. 73.As used in the text, what does the word "observation" most nearly mean?

A hard choice flattened

The book review called the last chapter an oversimplification that flattened a hard choice into a slogan.

  1. 74.As used in the text, what does the word "oversimplification" most nearly mean?

A shortcut that takes longer

The town paper described a paradox: the new shortcut made the morning drive longer.

  1. 75.As used in the text, what does the word "paradox" most nearly mean?

Turns to talk about homework

Each speaker in the school debate shared a perspective on the homework load.

  1. 76.As used in the text, what does the word "perspective" most nearly mean?

One poster, the whole fair

Judges questioned the plausibility of a claim that one poster changed the whole fair.

  1. 77.As used in the text, what does the word "plausibility" most nearly mean?

Keep Friday meetings

Before the club vote, Ren stated a position in favor of keeping the Friday meetings.

  1. 78.As used in the text, what does the word "position" most nearly mean?

Crosswalks marked to the corner

The letter praised the map's precision, since each crosswalk was marked to the corner.

  1. 79.As used in the text, what does the word "precision" most nearly mean?

Sad endings and seriousness

The book review challenged the presumption that a sad ending is always more serious.

  1. 80.As used in the text, what does the word "presumption" most nearly mean?

Shade trees along the lane

The neighbor meeting considered a proposition to plant shade trees along the lane.

  1. 81.As used in the text, what does the word "proposition" most nearly mean?

Only the three pots on display

The science-fair conclusion added a qualification that the result describes only the three pots on display.

  1. 82.As used in the text, what does the word "qualification" most nearly mean?

A line from the handbook

The debate binder included a quotation from the student handbook about phone use.

  1. 83.As used in the text, what does the word "quotation" most nearly mean?

From a flood to a drain

The letter's reasoning ran from the flooded corner to a request for a new drain.

  1. 84.As used in the text, what does the word "reasoning" most nearly mean?

What the picnic money covered

The club's rebuttal to the dues complaint listed three costs the picnic actually covered.

  1. 85.As used in the text, what does the word "rebuttal" most nearly mean?

The town was not invented

The book review offered a refutation of the rumor that the writer had invented the town, pointing to old maps.

  1. 86.As used in the text, what does the word "refutation" most nearly mean?

Show the petition first

A skeptic at the neighbor meeting asked to see the petition before trusting the count.

  1. 87.As used in the text, what does the word "skeptic" most nearly mean?

Who read the totals

The town paper named its source as the clerk who read the vote totals aloud.

  1. 88.As used in the text, what does the word "source" most nearly mean?

No ridership numbers

The school debate drifted into speculation when nobody had the ridership numbers.

  1. 89.As used in the text, what does the word "speculation" most nearly mean?

A secret ballot

The club secretary read a statement that the coming vote would be secret.

  1. 90.As used in the text, what does the word "statement" most nearly mean?

Lights off at ten

The letter accepted the park plan with one stipulation that the lights must go off at ten.

  1. 91.As used in the text, what does the word "stipulation" most nearly mean?

Three points in plain words

The science-fair card closed with a summary of the three main points in plain words.

  1. 92.As used in the text, what does the word "summary" most nearly mean?

Reasons to keep the oak

The neighbor offered support for keeping the oak: shade, birds, and a place to meet.

  1. 93.As used in the text, what does the word "support" most nearly mean?

Waiting in the rain

In the school debate, a parent's testimony described waiting twenty minutes in the rain.

  1. 94.As used in the text, what does the word "testimony" most nearly mean?

The missing letter

The book review discussed a theory that the missing letter explains the hero's silence.

  1. 95.As used in the text, what does the word "theory" most nearly mean?

Sharing the hall in November

The club chose a topic for November: whether to share the hall with the chess group.

  1. 96.As used in the text, what does the word "topic" most nearly mean?

Who locks the gate

The town paper noted an ambiguity in the notice, which never said who would lock the gate.

  1. 97.As used in the text, what does the word "ambiguity" most nearly mean?

Why the window seat helps

The science-fair student gave an argument for the window seat: more light, less crowding, and easier viewing.

  1. 98.As used in the text, what does the word "argument" most nearly mean?

Students and the phone rule

The school debate revealed Imani's belief that students should help write the phone rule.

  1. 99.As used in the text, what does the word "belief" most nearly mean?

Thanks for the fresh paint

The letter ended with a comment thanking the crew that repainted the crosswalk.

  1. 100.As used in the text, what does the word "comment" most nearly mean?

City noise and a quiet farm

The book review used a contrast between the noisy city chapters and the quiet farm ending.

  1. 101.As used in the text, what does the word "contrast" most nearly mean?

A floodlight and lost sleep

At the neighbor meeting, criticism of the bright floodlight focused on sleep and safety.

  1. 102.As used in the text, what does the word "criticism" most nearly mean?

A morning meeting

The club chair expressed doubt that enough members would attend a morning meeting.

  1. 103.As used in the text, what does the word "doubt" most nearly mean?

Shade and damp soil

The science-fair write-up reported a finding that the shaded pot stayed damp longer.

  1. 104.As used in the text, what does the word "finding" most nearly mean?

Conversation, not only rest

The town paper offered an insight that people wanted the bench back for conversation, not only for rest.

  1. 105.As used in the text, what does the word "insight" most nearly mean?

A kind sentence shifts the room

During the school debate, one remark about kindness changed the tone of the room.

  1. 106.As used in the text, what does the word "remark" most nearly mean?

A lower fence and a shared cost

The letter's response to the fence complaint offered a lower design and a shared cost.

  1. 107.As used in the text, what does the word "response" most nearly mean?

A bench near the shade

The neighbor closed with a suggestion to place the new bench under the oak.

  1. 108.As used in the text, what does the word "suggestion" most nearly mean?