LSAT Vocabulary: Ideas and Community

Words for knowledge, community, and public life, each in a short sentence.

LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admission Council. FreeExam is not affiliated with the Law School Admission Council, and these questions are original practice, not an official test.

Eleven members before a vote

The neighborhood council could not open the vote until the clerk counted eleven members and declared a quorum.

  1. 1.As used in the text, what does the word "quorum" most nearly mean?

The sign law on the shelf

In the law library, the associate opened the statute on street signs and marked the section that would govern the hearing.

  1. 2.As used in the text, what does the word "statute" most nearly mean?

Support for the sidewalk plan

In the hearing room, Elena offered a motion that the council adopt the sidewalk plan and waited for another member to support it.

  1. 3.As used in the text, what does the word "motion" most nearly mean?

The complaint set aside

The chair asked to suspend the noise complaint so the neighborhood council could finish the budget vote first.

  1. 4.As used in the text, what does the word "suspend" most nearly mean?

Silence while Priya spoke

The chair gave Priya the floor, and the other members stayed quiet until she finished addressing the council.

  1. 5.As used in the text, what does the word "floor" most nearly mean?

Waiting to be called

Members waited for the chair to call the next speaker before anyone else addressed the hearing.

  1. 6.As used in the text, what does the word "chair" most nearly mean?

Hands up for evening hours

At the clinic board, the motion to extend evening hours did carry after most of the hands went up.

  1. 7.As used in the text, what does the word "carry" most nearly mean?

The room begins to empty

With the last speaker finished, the hearing officer said the session would close, and the room began to empty.

  1. 8.As used in the text, what does the word "close" most nearly mean?

Matters listed in order

The clerk set a numbered agenda on the lectern so the neighborhood council could see every matter it would take up.

  1. 9.As used in the text, what does the word "agenda" most nearly mean?

Trucks on Market Street

The neighborhood council adopted an ordinance limiting delivery trucks on Market Street and filed it with the other local laws.

  1. 10.As used in the text, what does the word "ordinance" most nearly mean?

A neighbor casts the vote

Ikenna could not attend the clinic board, so he signed a proxy letting his neighbor cast his vote.

  1. 11.As used in the text, what does the word "proxy" most nearly mean?

Praise entered in the record

The neighborhood council passed a resolution praising the library volunteers and asked the clerk to enter that statement in the record.

  1. 12.As used in the text, what does the word "resolution" most nearly mean?

A change in the margin

At the small firm, the associate marked an amendment in the margin of the draft policy, changing the sentence the partners would vote on.

  1. 13.As used in the text, what does the word "amendment" most nearly mean?

Filling an empty seat

The clinic board opened its bylaw on membership and followed that rule when it filled the empty seat.

  1. 14.As used in the text, what does the word "bylaw" most nearly mean?

Four names running together

The neighborhood council posted a slate of four neighbors who were running together for the open seats.

  1. 15.As used in the text, what does the word "slate" most nearly mean?

Papers in the box

Each member folded a ballot, dropped it in the box, and waited while the hearing clerk counted the papers.

  1. 16.As used in the text, what does the word "ballot" most nearly mean?

One shared position

Before the full hearing resumed, the clinic delegates stepped into a side room for a caucus and came back with one shared position.

  1. 17.As used in the text, what does the word "caucus" most nearly mean?

Comments from the block

The council member said her constituency along the block wanted the crosswalk repainted, and she read their comments into the record.

  1. 18.As used in the text, what does the word "constituency" most nearly mean?

Names checked before voting

At the hearing, the clerk explained who held the franchise and checked each neighbor's name before allowing a vote on the market plan.

  1. 19.As used in the text, what does the word "franchise" most nearly mean?

The whole block votes

The neighborhood council set a referendum so every registered neighbor, not only the board, could vote yes or no on the park measure.

  1. 20.As used in the text, what does the word "referendum" most nearly mean?

Signatures for a stop sign

Residents left a petition at the council desk, pages of signatures asking for a stop sign at the corner.

  1. 21.As used in the text, what does the word "petition" most nearly mean?

Twenty pages for the clerk

The associate filed a memorandum with the hearing clerk, twenty pages arguing why the clinic board should deny the fee increase.

  1. 22.As used in the text, what does the word "memorandum" most nearly mean?

Called after two others

The hearing clerk opened the docket and called the fence dispute only after the two matters listed above it.

  1. 23.As used in the text, what does the word "docket" most nearly mean?

An earlier sign case

In the law library, the associate pulled an earlier sign case as authority and used that past decision to shape the firm's argument.

  1. 24.As used in the text, what does the word "authority" most nearly mean?

Sworn at the clinic counter

At the clinic, the records clerk watched the neighbor sign an affidavit after swearing that the written account of the posting was true.

  1. 25.As used in the text, what does the word "affidavit" most nearly mean?

Ordered to bring the file

The hearing officer issued a subpoena that ordered the records clerk to appear and bring the clinic file.

  1. 26.As used in the text, what does the word "subpoena" most nearly mean?

Answers under oath

In the hearing room, the nurse gave testimony under oath, answering questions about how the clinic kept its logs.

  1. 27.As used in the text, what does the word "testimony" most nearly mean?

The log handed over

The firm marked the clinic log as an exhibit and handed it to the clerk so the hearing officer could consider it with the other evidence.

  1. 28.As used in the text, what does the word "exhibit" most nearly mean?

A fact both sides accept

The lawyers at the small firm filed an admission that the notice had been mailed, so the hearing could treat that fact as accepted by both sides.

  1. 29.As used in the text, what does the word "admission" most nearly mean?

Who may decide the sign

The hearing officer said jurisdiction for the sign complaint lay with the neighborhood council, which had power to decide that kind of dispute.

  1. 30.As used in the text, what does the word "jurisdiction" most nearly mean?

Kept in the neighborhood room

Counsel asked that the venue stay in the neighborhood hearing room, because the dispute arose on that block and belonged there.

  1. 31.As used in the text, what does the word "venue" most nearly mean?

The shopkeeper may bring it

The officer ruled that the shopkeeper had standing to bring the claim, since the new fence crossed the alley she uses.

  1. 32.As used in the text, what does the word "standing" most nearly mean?

Nothing left to decide

Once the clinic rebuilt the ramp, the hearing officer called the complaint moot and declined to rule, because nothing remained to decide.

  1. 33.As used in the text, what does the word "moot" most nearly mean?

Back to the clinic board

The hearing officer decided to return the fee dispute so the clinic board could determine the facts before any further review.

  1. 34.As used in the text, what does the word "return" most nearly mean?

The earlier result stands

On review, the neighborhood council voted to uphold the clinic board's decision, leaving that earlier result unchanged.

  1. 35.As used in the text, what does the word "uphold" most nearly mean?

Asking for another look

The shop owner filed a challenge so a review hearing would reconsider the neighborhood council's denial of her sign permit.

  1. 36.As used in the text, what does the word "challenge" most nearly mean?

Apart from the majority

One council member filed a protest, writing separately that she did not join the majority's decision on the alley.

  1. 37.As used in the text, what does the word "protest" most nearly mean?

Lines a later case follows

In the law library, the student underlined the holding and said a later hearing would have to follow those lines rather than the surrounding remarks.

  1. 38.As used in the text, what does the word "holding" most nearly mean?

Not the rule of the case

The librarian labeled a passing comment dictum and warned the associate not to treat that side remark as the rule of the case.

  1. 39.As used in the text, what does the word "dictum" most nearly mean?

A pointer in the margin

The associate added a citation in the margin so a reader in the law library could find the exact reported decision.

  1. 40.As used in the text, what does the word "citation" most nearly mean?

Lines above the opinion

Above the printed decision, the headnote gave library readers the point of the case in a few lines before the full opinion began.

  1. 41.As used in the text, what does the word "headnote" most nearly mean?

The volume on the shelf

The librarian took down the regional reporter and opened the volume where that written decision had been published.

  1. 42.As used in the text, what does the word "reporter" most nearly mean?

Cases grouped by topic

Beside those volumes, the digest grouped short accounts of many decisions by topic, and the firm used it to locate a similar case.

  1. 43.As used in the text, what does the word "digest" most nearly mean?

Read before the meeting

The law library's treatise on neighborhood hearings walked through that subject chapter by chapter, and the associate read it before the meeting.

  1. 44.As used in the text, what does the word "treatise" most nearly mean?

A note beside the wording

A footnote printed beside the delivery-truck rule explained the wording the council had adopted.

  1. 45.As used in the text, what does the word "footnote" most nearly mean?

Rules gathered in one book

The council asked the clerk to codify the scattered hearing rules so residents could find them in one organized book.

  1. 46.As used in the text, what does the word "codify" most nearly mean?

Printed for residents

The clerk published the new truck rule in the town gazette, the paper residents check for official announcements.

  1. 47.As used in the text, what does the word "gazette" most nearly mean?

Read aloud at the door

After the vote, the clerk stood at the council door to publish the sign rule, reading aloud that it was now in force.

  1. 48.As used in the text, what does the word "publish" most nearly mean?

Removed from the book

The neighborhood council voted to abolish the old cart rule, and the clerk removed it from the book of local laws.

  1. 49.As used in the text, what does the word "abolish" most nearly mean?

In force after the vote

The clinic board met to ratify the draft membership rule, and only after that vote did the rule take effect.

  1. 50.As used in the text, what does the word "ratify" most nearly mean?

No second hearing

The shop owner signed a waiver giving up a second hearing, and the clerk filed that paper with the record.

  1. 51.As used in the text, what does the word "waiver" most nearly mean?

Notes kept out of the file

The firm told the clinic that privilege kept the lawyer's advice notes out of the hearing record.

  1. 52.As used in the text, what does the word "privilege" most nearly mean?

Leaving before the tally

Council member Rosa said she would withdraw from the clinic vote because her spouse worked there, and she left before the tally.

  1. 53.As used in the text, what does the word "withdraw" most nearly mean?

A story cut off

The chair cut off a story about a distant parade because it was not applicable to the sidewalk question then before the council.

  1. 54.As used in the text, what does the word "applicable" most nearly mean?

Handing over the turn

Jonah agreed to yield so the neighbor with the attendance figures could use the remainder of his speaking turn.

  1. 55.As used in the text, what does the word "yield" most nearly mean?

Only the member named

The chair refused to invite anyone who had not raised a hand, and only the member she named was allowed to speak.

  1. 56.As used in the text, what does the word "invite" most nearly mean?

Hands counted one by one

After the voice vote sounded close, a member called for a division, and the hearing clerk counted each raised hand.

  1. 57.As used in the text, what does the word "division" most nearly mean?

Present and not voting

Two council members stayed in their seats but chose to refrain, so their names were marked present and their votes were not cast.

  1. 58.As used in the text, what does the word "refrain" most nearly mean?

Names read aloud

The clerk called the roll, reading every council member's name and marking who answered present.

  1. 59.As used in the text, what does the word "roll" most nearly mean?

Stamped and filed

Every filing went to the clerk, who stamped it and placed it in the hearing folder that held the official record.

  1. 60.As used in the text, what does the word "clerk" most nearly mean?

Three neighbors to hear it

The neighborhood council named a panel of three neighbors to hear the fence dispute and bring back a recommended decision.

  1. 61.As used in the text, what does the word "panel" most nearly mean?

Chosen to judge the lease

The lease fight went to a tribunal the clinic and its landlord had agreed would judge their dispute.

  1. 62.As used in the text, what does the word "tribunal" most nearly mean?

Talking toward an agreement

The small firm brought in a conciliator who helped the clinic and the council talk toward an agreement neither side was forced to accept.

  1. 63.As used in the text, what does the word "conciliator" most nearly mean?

A decision both will accept

The clinic and the landlord signed a paper giving an arbitrator the power to decide the fee dispute, and both agreed to accept that decision.

  1. 64.As used in the text, what does the word "arbitrator" most nearly mean?

Treated as established

The hearing officer's finding stated that the notice had been posted on the clinic door, and later discussion treated that fact as established.

  1. 65.As used in the text, what does the word "finding" most nearly mean?

Whether the comment stays

When the lawyer objected, the chair issued a ruling that the comment could stay in the record.

  1. 66.As used in the text, what does the word "ruling" most nearly mean?

The log may come in

The hearing officer called the clinic log admissible and told the clerk to receive it as evidence.

  1. 67.As used in the text, what does the word "admissible" most nearly mean?

Making a fact more likely

The firm argued that the dated log was evidentiary on whether the notice had been posted, because the log made that fact more likely.

  1. 68.As used in the text, what does the word "evidentiary" most nearly mean?

A date the outcome could turn on

The officer called the mailing date pivotal and said a decision could turn on it.

  1. 69.As used in the text, what does the word "pivotal" most nearly mean?

Seated at the front table

The clinic was a party in the hearing and sat at the front table, while neighbors who had not joined the case stayed in the back.

  1. 70.As used in the text, what does the word "party" most nearly mean?

Papers handed to the manager

The hearing rule treated service as complete once the papers were handed to the clinic manager.

  1. 71.As used in the text, what does the word "service" most nearly mean?

Mailed to the whole block

The council mailed notice to every neighbor on the block, a written announcement that a hearing on the market plan would be held.

  1. 72.As used in the text, what does the word "notice" most nearly mean?

A fee for the hearing

The clinic signed an engagement with the small firm, paying a fee so that lawyer would handle the hearing.

  1. 73.As used in the text, what does the word "engagement" most nearly mean?

Questions for the records clerk

The clinic's counsel rose in the hearing room and questioned the records clerk on the clinic's behalf.

  1. 74.As used in the text, what does the word "counsel" most nearly mean?

Answered by the officer

Questions were directed to the bench, and the hearing officer, not the clerk, was the one who answered them.

  1. 75.As used in the text, what does the word "bench" most nearly mean?

Admitted after the oath

After taking the oath, Leila was admitted to the bar and could practice as a lawyer before that hearing body.

  1. 76.As used in the text, what does the word "bar" most nearly mean?

Recorded before the hearing

At the small firm, the nurse sat for an examination under oath in a recorded session held before the hearing itself.

  1. 77.As used in the text, what does the word "examination" most nearly mean?

An earlier statement read back

The lawyer tried to impeach the witness by reading an earlier statement that contradicted what he had just told the hearing officer.

  1. 78.As used in the text, what does the word "impeach" most nearly mean?

A second paper that agrees

The clinic offered the delivery receipt to confirm the clerk's account, because that second paper supported what he said about the notice.

  1. 79.As used in the text, what does the word "confirm" most nearly mean?

Evidence answering the claim

The firm called one more witness to rebut the council, offering evidence that answered the claim about the unposted notice.

  1. 80.As used in the text, what does the word "rebut" most nearly mean?

Words taken out

The hearing officer agreed to strike the remark and told the clerk to take those words out of the record.

  1. 81.As used in the text, what does the word "strike" most nearly mean?

Kept out of the record

The chair moved to grant the objection, so the disputed sentence was kept out of the council record.

  1. 82.As used in the text, what does the word "grant" most nearly mean?

The witness may answer

The hearing officer chose to reject the objection and allowed the witness to answer the question.

  1. 83.As used in the text, what does the word "reject" most nearly mean?

No further evidence

After the last log was marked, the clinic's lawyer said the clinic would rest, and she offered no further evidence.

  1. 84.As used in the text, what does the word "rest" most nearly mean?

The second request

The filing set out three requests, and the second count asked the hearing officer to order the fence moved back.

  1. 85.As used in the text, what does the word "count" most nearly mean?

An order to reopen the alley

The shop owner asked the hearing officer for relief, specifically an order requiring the clinic to reopen the alley.

  1. 86.As used in the text, what does the word "relief" most nearly mean?

Where the bins would go

The small firm drafted a settlement in which the clinic and the neighbor agreed where the bins would go, and the hearing was then called off.

  1. 87.As used in the text, what does the word "settlement" most nearly mean?

Joining after the start

The block association entered as an intervenor after the hearing had already begun, and the officer allowed that group to join the case.

  1. 88.As used in the text, what does the word "intervenor" most nearly mean?

Help from outside the dispute

The law library submitted an amicus filing to help the hearing officer on the records rule, though the library was not a side in the dispute.

  1. 89.As used in the text, what does the word "amicus" most nearly mean?

Powers of the board

The clinic board keeps its charter in the law library, and new members read that founding document to see what powers the board holds.

  1. 90.As used in the text, what does the word "charter" most nearly mean?

A map stapled at the back

The ownership paper referred readers to an annex, a map stapled to the back, for the boundaries of the strip the council had discussed.

  1. 91.As used in the text, what does the word "annex" most nearly mean?

A fact stated first

The agreement opened with a recital that the clinic had posted the sign, stating that fact before any of the binding promises.

  1. 92.As used in the text, what does the word "recital" most nearly mean?

A crosswalk added on

The neighborhood council attached a rider to the park measure, adding a crosswalk provision that had not been in the original text.

  1. 93.As used in the text, what does the word "rider" most nearly mean?

Clear the alley or no permit

The permit was granted with a proviso that the clinic keep the alley clear, and without that condition the approval would not stand.

  1. 94.As used in the text, what does the word "proviso" most nearly mean?

The path must stay open

The ownership paper included a covenant that the owner would not block the shared path, and the hearing treated that written promise as binding.

  1. 95.As used in the text, what does the word "covenant" most nearly mean?

A right to cross the strip

The law library map showed an easement along the clinic lot, a recorded right letting neighbors cross that strip.

  1. 96.As used in the text, what does the word "easement" most nearly mean?

A claim to clear before sale

The clerk found a lien recorded against the lot for an unpaid clinic assessment, a claim that had to be cleared before a sale.

  1. 97.As used in the text, what does the word "lien" most nearly mean?

The corner lot changes hands

The small firm recorded the deed that transferred the corner lot from the neighbor to the clinic.

  1. 98.As used in the text, what does the word "deed" most nearly mean?

Who owns the corner lot

The hearing turned on title to the corner lot, and the file showed the clinic, not the shop, as the owner.

  1. 99.As used in the text, what does the word "title" most nearly mean?

Owners listed in order

In the law library, the abstract listed every recorded owner of the lot in order, a summary of the ownership history rather than the original papers.

  1. 100.As used in the text, what does the word "abstract" most nearly mean?

An appointment kept after review

After review, the clinic's teaching program granted Anika tenure, and her faculty appointment no longer had to be renewed.

  1. 101.As used in the text, what does the word "tenure" most nearly mean?

Listed as a student

The new clerk will matriculate in the law library's records course and will be listed as an enrolled student, not a visitor.

  1. 102.As used in the text, what does the word "matriculate" most nearly mean?

From intake through hearings

The clinic posted the curriculum for its volunteer class, laying out the course of study from intake rules through hearing procedure.

  1. 103.As used in the text, what does the word "curriculum" most nearly mean?

Topics for one course

On the first evening, the instructor handed out a syllabus that outlined the topics and readings for that hearing course alone.

  1. 104.As used in the text, what does the word "syllabus" most nearly mean?

How memos are scored

The small firm gave its interns a rubric that showed how each research memo would be scored.

  1. 105.As used in the text, what does the word "rubric" most nearly mean?

The shelf students must know

The librarian pointed to one shelf and called it the canon, the set of works every student in the records course was expected to know.

  1. 106.As used in the text, what does the word "canon" most nearly mean?

Revising the reading list

The law library's faculty met after class to revise the reading list for the records course they teach.

  1. 107.As used in the text, what does the word "faculty" most nearly mean?

Confirming who is enrolled

Students in the clinic's training program ask the registrar to confirm enrollment, because that office keeps the course records.

  1. 108.As used in the text, what does the word "registrar" most nearly mean?