LSAT Vocabulary: Argument
Words for claims, reasons, and evidence, each in a short sentence.
LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admission Council. FreeExam is not affiliated with the Law School Admission Council, and these questions are original practice, not an official test.
The opening claim
In the hearing room, counsel opened with an assertion that the posted clinic rule already settled the fee dispute.
A reason in the margin
In the law library, the librarian marked one premise in the margin: a fine cannot stand if the notice was never posted.
What the counts support
Once the sidewalk counts were in, the neighborhood council stated its conclusion that the crosswalk, not the stop sign, had to change.
Reading two results
From two normal readings, the clinician drew an inference that the morning dose had been taken.
The link beside the brief
At the small firm, the associate wrote the warrant beside the argument: a signed delivery log supports treating the notice as received.
Answering the objection
Her rebuttal in the hearing room took the objection point by point and showed why the late letter still counted.
Granting the edition
His concession in the law library admitted that the older edition defined the term more broadly than the brief had claimed.
A limit on the bench rule
The neighborhood council approved the bench rule with a caveat that it would not cover the park's north edge.
The afternoon results
The afternoon lab pages corroborate the clinic's morning note that the swelling had started to recede.
The signed receipt
At the small firm, the partner used the signed receipt to refute the claim that nobody received the draft.
Narrowing the hours
She paused in the hearing room to qualify her statement, limiting it to weekday hours and leaving weekends out.
The unstated step
The law library brief rested on an assumption, never written down, that every borrower had seen the posted rule.
Sundays and weekdays
A Sunday-only ban proposed at the neighborhood council carries the implication that weekday use of leaf blowers would still be allowed.
One patient breaks the rule
One clinic patient who worsened on the lower dose stood as a counterexample to the claim that the dose was always enough.
The unsigned email
At the small firm, she offered an analogy that compared the unsigned email to a letter that never left the front desk.
One story, whole block
The hearing panel called it a fallacy to treat one neighbor's story as proof about the whole block.
Two senses of public
In the law library, the editor marked an equivocation, using public for city-owned in one sentence and for merely visible in the next.
Assuming the fee is fair
Residents told the neighborhood council the flier was circular because it assumed the fee was fair in order to prove the fee was fair.
From the rule to this chart
The clinic nurse used deduction from the rule that two high readings require a recheck, and scheduled one for this patient.
Twelve files, one claim
At the small firm, induction from twelve similar files supported a general claim that unsigned drafts are the ones usually returned.
Three shops, every storefront
In the hearing room, his generalization from three shops was that every storefront on the avenue had the same lease problem.
Three lines on a card
On a law library card she set out a syllogism: posted rules bind borrowers, this rule was posted, and so this rule binds them.
Whether the ending follows
Neighborhood council members accepted the validity of the reasoning because the proposed change followed from the counts they had already accepted.
Accurate and following
The clinic board accepted the soundness of the dosing argument because the readings were accurate and the recommendation followed from those readings.
Reasons a client can check
The client praised the small firm's memo for its cogency, since each recommendation rested on a document someone could check.
Neat until compared
In the hearing room, the excuse sounded specious, neat on paper until the compared entries made the account collapse.
One thin footnote
Her connection in the law library was tenuous, resting on a footnote that never mentioned this kind of notice.
A party and a park
A neighborhood council member called the speech fallacious because one loud party does not show that the park should close.
Was the second test needed
The contention before the clinic review group was whether a second test had been necessary.
The memo's main line
The thesis of the small firm's memo was that the client should answer the letter rather than ask for a delay.
Where the signature might be
Counsel in the hearing room offered a hypothesis that the missing signature was on the clinic copy, and asked for that file.
A starting point in the catalog
The law library outline began with a postulate that a rule printed in the catalog counts as notice to readers.
Apartments left out
Her objection at the neighborhood council was that the survey left out the apartments east of the library.
The longer form
The clinic director's rejoinder answered the criticism by noting that the longer form caught an allergy the old card missed.
Received is not accepted
The junior at the small firm drafted a counterargument that receiving the email did not amount to accepting the terms.
Nothing about the fee
His retort in the hearing room snapped back that the letter said nothing about the fee.
A slip against the editor
She filed a dissent in the law library, stating that the cited passage did not support the editor's claim.
The figures match
Two neighborhood council members concur with the chair that the petition figures match the sign-in sheets.
The reading and the note
The clinic's charge nurse did concede that the first reading was recorded differently from what the note described.
The extra page
The associate at the small firm rose to dispute the claim that the client had approved the extra page.
A gap in the log
A gap in the hearing-room log would undermine the claim that every notice went out in the same batch.
The older edition
The same sentence in an older law library edition would bolster her claim that the definition had stayed the same.
Photos of the corner
Photos shown to the neighborhood council substantiate the claim that the drain, not the new curb, caused the pooling.
A blank consent line
Two clinic nurses attest that the consent line was blank when the form reached the front desk.
What the caller said
The small firm's memo treated the remark as hearsay because the clerk was only repeating what a caller had said.
A stamp and no witness
In the hearing room, the canceled stamp was only circumstantial, suggesting the letter had been mailed though no one swore to sending it.
The checkout slip
That law library checkout slip is probative on whether the reader had the volume the note concerns.
Benches, not bake sales
The neighborhood council chair kept comments relevant to the bench proposal and set aside the remarks about the bake sale.
The allergy box
Whether the allergy box was checked is material at the clinic, because that fact could change the dosing decision.
A fact both sides accept
The stipulation at the small firm let both sides treat the delivery date as given and turn to the approval wording.
Claimed, not shown
In the hearing room, the allegation of a backdated notice remained unproved, with no stamp or log behind it.
Unless a search shows otherwise
A return stamp in the law library supports a presumption that the book is on the shelf unless a search shows otherwise.
Who must bring the counts
At the neighborhood council, the burden rested on the group seeking the street closure, which had to supply the traffic counts.
Above the posted line
Under the clinic's own rule, a reading above the posted line would entail a same-day recheck.
The opposite in the reply
At the small firm, the reply does contradict the opening claim by stating the opposite about whether the draft was approved.
Note and sign-in sheet
In the hearing room, the guard's note is consistent with the sign-in sheet because both place the packet at the front desk.
Ink ban and pen marks
A law library ban on all ink is incompatible with a guide that tells readers to mark the copies in pen.
The broken latch
At the neighborhood council, the broken-latch account was plausible because it explained an open gate without anyone unlocking it.
Two checks of the wristband
A mislabel story is implausible at the clinic once two staff members have checked the name against the wristband.
Receipt, log, and slip
The courier's account is credible at the small firm because the receipt, the desk log, and the signed slip all match it.
Form and photo
The hearing panel treated the mileage figure as dubious because the form and the odometer photo did not match.
Every sheet still there
The law library charge of missing pages was unfounded because every sheet listed in the index was still bound in.
No motion, no count
Talk of a secret vote was groundless at the neighborhood council, and nobody could point to a motion, a count, or a minute entry.
Protocol and result
Ordering a second test was warranted at the clinic once the first result and the written protocol both pointed that way.
No approval in the letters
The extra-fee accusation was unwarranted at the small firm because the letters never showed an approval.
Who received the notice
The hearing chair allowed the question as pertinent because it asked who had received the notice, the issue being decided.
Binding styles aside
A law library paragraph on binding styles is extraneous to whether the definition changed between editions.
Praise for the mural
Praise for the mural was tangential at the neighborhood council, touching beautification without ever addressing the bench vote.
Needed for the dose
The allergy note is germane at the clinic because the dosing question cannot be decided without it.
Look, not a reason
The style sheet was ancillary at the small firm, useful for the look of the memo but not a reason for the client to sign.
The sealed envelope
In the hearing room, whether the envelope was sealed is subsidiary, a lesser claim depending on the larger one that the letter was complete.
Notice above the examples
In the law library outline, an overarching claim about notice by posting sat above every smaller example.
Every food truck
The neighborhood council speaker was categorical, saying every food truck needed the permit and naming no exception.
Adults only
The clinic advice was qualified, limited to adult patients and not offered for the pediatric clinic next door.
Complete, no exception
The small firm's letter made an absolute claim that the draft was complete, with no condition and no exception.
Until the original log
The hearing-room finding is provisional and will be kept only until the original log can be compared with the copy.
A possible sense
Her reading in the law library stayed tentative, offered as a possible sense of the passage until another edition could be checked.
Who was present
The sign-in sheets were conclusive for the neighborhood council, settling who had been present for the vote.
A blurry scan
The clinic's blurry scan was inconclusive, and no one treated it as settling the question of a fracture.
Praise or acceptance
The approval clause at the small firm is ambiguous because it can be read as praise for the writing or as acceptance of the terms.
Handed over, one sense
The hearing-room answer was unequivocal: the notice had been handed to the resident, and the words allowed no second meaning.
Food in the reading room
The law library rule is explicit, stating in its first sentence that food is not allowed in the reading room.
A duty never written
A duty to publish the agenda was implicit in the neighborhood council's promise of an open meeting, though no sentence said so.
Who speaks first
It was tacit at the clinic that the on-call nurse would speak first, understood by the staff and never put into words.
Declined in plain words
The refusal was overt in the small firm's letter, which stated in plain words that the extra work was declined.
Copy versus terms
In the hearing room, the nuance between receiving a copy and agreeing to its terms changed which side prevailed.
Shelf or borrower
She drew a distinction in the law library between a volume being on the shelf and a reader having borrowed it.
Close the park or not
The neighborhood council flier forced a dichotomy, as if the block had to close the park or accept the noise unchanged.
Fasted and breakfast
The clinic note contained a paradox, saying the patient had fasted and also that breakfast was recorded.
Delivery and approval
At the small firm, she tried to reconcile the two memos by showing that one concerned delivery and the other concerned approval.
Two accounts, one story
His synthesis in the hearing room joined the resident's account and the clinic log by treating them as parts of one account.
Posted or never posted
In the law library margin she wrote the antithesis: not that the rule was posted, but that it was never posted at all.
The festival story
The festival anecdote was a digression at the neighborhood council and left the permit question untouched.
A ban that was not a ban
The clinic criticism offered a caricature of the protocol, painting it as a ban on all rechecks when it limited only one.
The letterhead
Who chose the letterhead is an irrelevancy at the small firm when the question is whether the client received the draft.
Who filled in the log
In the hearing room, they tried to impugn the log by showing the entries were made by someone not on duty.
The plain sentence
Nothing in the law library footnotes could gainsay the plain sentence that the rule covers every carrel.
Too narrow for a bench
Several residents stood at the neighborhood council to controvert the claim that the alley was too narrow for a bench.
The sample and the lab
The labeled desk photo would confute the clinic claim that the sample never reached the lab.
A mismatched total
A mismatched total would discredit the small firm's spreadsheet as evidence of what the client approved.
On the received list
The original log in the hearing room would vindicate the resident's claim that the packet was on the received list.
A footnote that limits
The law library lecturer chose to propound a reading in which the footnote limits the rule instead of widening it.
Start from the count
The neighborhood council chair asked the group to posit an accurate traffic count and then to reason from that claim.
The signed line
On the clinic form, the physician did aver that the consent conversation happened and pointed to the signed line.
The courier receipt
At the small firm, they proffer the courier receipt as a reason to treat the draft as delivered.
The sign-in log
Counsel in the hearing room will adduce the sign-in log as evidence that the witness was present.
The catalog's first page
To support the fine, the law library guide will invoke the posting rule printed on the catalog's first page.
The bench ruling
Neighborhood council members cited the bench ruling as a precedent for requiring the same notice on this permit.