GMAT Vocabulary: Character

Words for lasting traits, each in a short sentence.

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The Hillside Orchard

Elena kept a prudent watch on the hillside orchard, checking frost dates before every graft, setting aside a third of each sale for a dry year, and refusing a neighbor's bet on an early bloom.

  1. 1.As used in the text, what does the word "prudent" most nearly mean?

The Choir Loft

Long after the choir-loft beam was shown to bow, Ida remained obstinate, pinning her first pencil sketch to the workshop door and turning away every revised joint the carpenters proposed.

  1. 2.As used in the text, what does the word "obstinate" most nearly mean?

The Rinsed Jar

Even with the cottage paid off, Rosa stayed frugal, patching one wool coat, carrying lunch in a rinsed jar, and walking past the cafe on her way to the weekly reading circle she hosted at home.

  1. 3.As used in the text, what does the word "frugal" most nearly mean?

Lamps at the Archive

Samuel was diligent at the town archive for a decade, arriving before the lamps warmed, speaking only to request a tray, skipping jokes, and staying until the last brittle card was copied.

  1. 4.As used in the text, what does the word "diligent" most nearly mean?

Tape on the Window

Though the ferry dividends covered his rent twice over, Victor stayed penurious, rinsing one soup spoon for every meal and closing a cracked window with tape rather than paying a glazier.

  1. 5.As used in the text, what does the word "penurious" most nearly mean?

Morning on the Dock

The dock foreman was bellicose at every morning muster, squaring his shoulders and inviting anyone who questioned a shift change to step outside.

  1. 6.As used in the text, what does the word "bellicose" most nearly mean?

Nothing for Winter

Improvident about winter, Luis spent three summers of boat wages on weekly fireworks and faced the freeze with no coal, no stored flour, and no repair money set aside.

  1. 7.As used in the text, what does the word "improvident" most nearly mean?

The Reserve Cabinet

Nkechi was provident with the clinic's small grant, labeling a reserve cabinet for the next quarter's syringes and refusing to spend that cushion on a celebration.

  1. 8.As used in the text, what does the word "provident" most nearly mean?

Spoiled Sheets

Thrifty in the print shop, Mr. Chen saved miscut card stock for bookmarks, kept a jar of mixed ink for proofs, and taught apprentices to print on the blank side of spoiled sheets.

  1. 9.As used in the text, what does the word "thrifty" most nearly mean?

The Second Piano

A spendthrift once the prize money arrived, Nora bought a second piano she could not play, hired a weekly florist for an empty parlor, dropped the ensemble that had traveled with her, and was borrowing bus fare by spring.

  1. 10.As used in the text, what does the word "spendthrift" most nearly mean?

Ounces of Flour

Miserly despite a full warehouse of grain, Mrs. Adler weighed every loan of flour to a neighbor and wrote the ounces in a book she expected to collect on, even in a bad harvest.

  1. 11.As used in the text, what does the word "miserly" most nearly mean?

Gold on the Shed

Extravagant with the cannery bonus, Marco commissioned a gold-leaf weather vane for a toolshed and paid a quartet to play while he ate lunch alone on the loading dock.

  1. 12.As used in the text, what does the word "extravagant" most nearly mean?

One Small Glass

Temperate at every harvest supper across twenty years, Mr. Solano told one sharp story, took a single small glass, and walked home while the louder toasts were still being planned.

  1. 13.As used in the text, what does the word "temperate" most nearly mean?

Lights at the Marina

Intemperate about cards and sauce for as long as the club had known him, Felix played until the marina lights went out, ordered a third platter no one had requested, and had to be walked home from every supper.

  1. 14.As used in the text, what does the word "intemperate" most nearly mean?

Heated River Cabin

Julian kept a sybaritic river cabin for a decade, with heated floors, a valet on weeknights, and a menu that changed with the tide, calling a hard chair a form of punishment.

  1. 15.As used in the text, what does the word "sybaritic" most nearly mean?

Bare Bunk at Sea

Born in Veracruz, Captain Soto kept a spartan routine on the survey ship: a bare bunk, cold washes, no seat at the officers' table, and extra blankets stored for the crew.

  1. 16.As used in the text, what does the word "spartan" most nearly mean?

Labels in the Drawer

Persnickety about the map drawers, Ms. Lang measured each label's margin with a card, sent back any folder a finger's width too high, and rarely offered a compliment when the row was finally straight.

  1. 17.As used in the text, what does the word "persnickety" most nearly mean?

The Night Clerk

The night clerk was frowzy on every shift, with a frayed cuff, hair stuck up at the crown, and soup on a tie he never thought to change.

  1. 18.As used in the text, what does the word "frowzy" most nearly mean?

The Hanging Gate

Slothful on the family farm, Eddie left the same gate hanging for a season, napped through two milking hours, and let his sister finish every chore he had promised to start.

  1. 19.As used in the text, what does the word "slothful" most nearly mean?

First Week Binding

Industrious from her first week in the bindery, Hana oiled the press herself, stayed to sew a torn signature, and turned down help so she could learn every step.

  1. 20.As used in the text, what does the word "industrious" most nearly mean?

The Third Firing

Persevering after the kiln cracked twice, Naomi rebuilt the firebricks on her own evenings, kept the same glaze recipe, and stayed in the studio when the third firing failed too.

  1. 21.As used in the text, what does the word "persevering" most nearly mean?

Rye or Barley

Irresolute at the seed counter, Mr. Okada picked up the rye, set it down for barley, asked the clerk to hold both, and left with neither after twenty minutes.

  1. 22.As used in the text, what does the word "irresolute" most nearly mean?

Piling in Sleet

Resolute about the footbridge, Priya surveyed in sleet, rejected a cheaper ferry plan at three town meetings, and drove the first piling the week the permit arrived.

  1. 23.As used in the text, what does the word "resolute" most nearly mean?

Three Clinic Sites

Vacillating over the clinic site, Dr. Farooq approved the hill lot on Monday, revived the station lot on Thursday, and asked the board to wait while he switched a third time in a short note.

  1. 24.As used in the text, what does the word "vacillating" most nearly mean?

The Millrace Line

Headstrong about the millrace, Tomas ignored the posted detour, waved off the engineer's chalk marks, and cut the channel where he had first imagined it.

  1. 25.As used in the text, what does the word "headstrong" most nearly mean?

Tempo in Rehearsal

The lead violinist proved intractable through the whole rehearsal period, refusing a slower tempo, a shared solo, and every compromise the conductor wrote into the score.

  1. 26.As used in the text, what does the word "intractable" most nearly mean?

The Last Speaker

Tractable in committee, young Harun adopted whichever seating plan the last speaker praised and rewrote his own motion to match it.

  1. 27.As used in the text, what does the word "tractable" most nearly mean?

Rounds on the Ward

Compliant on the ward through years of changing charge nurses, Nurse Adeyemi followed each posted protocol without argument, repeated the steps aloud, and never tried to redesign the round.

  1. 28.As used in the text, what does the word "compliant" most nearly mean?

Orders in the Yard

Insubordinate toward every yard master she had served, Celia crossed out posted shift orders, sent the crew to the job she preferred, and laughed when a written warning was read aloud.

  1. 29.As used in the text, what does the word "insubordinate" most nearly mean?

Shoes on the Table

Impudent with senior partners from his first month, Leo mocked their briefs in the open conference room, kept his shoes on the table, and answered a direct question with a joke about their age.

  1. 30.As used in the text, what does the word "impudent" most nearly mean?

Nickname in Review

The intern was impertinent in case review after case review, interrupting the senior surgeon on the very point under discussion and addressing her by a nickname the rest of the staff never used.

  1. 31.As used in the text, what does the word "impertinent" most nearly mean?

A Bow at Lunch

Brazen in review after review, Rita pinned each error on a colleague who was absent, took a bow at the staff lunch, and repeated the story to clients with her own name in the lead.

  1. 32.As used in the text, what does the word "brazen" most nearly mean?

By the Coat Rack

Unassuming at her own gallery opening, as at every earlier show, Min stood by the coat rack, redirected praise to the framer, and declined the chair set at the front.

  1. 33.As used in the text, what does the word "unassuming" most nearly mean?

Call Him Maestro

Pretentious about a single published review, Colin insisted that interns call him maestro, quoted himself in meetings, and described a classroom handout as a treatise.

  1. 34.As used in the text, what does the word "pretentious" most nearly mean?

Sash at the Fair

Pompous at the county fair year after year, Mr. Brandt arrived in a rented sash, required a separate table for his pie notes, and read his comments as if the tent were a lecture hall.

  1. 35.As used in the text, what does the word "pompous" most nearly mean?

Pins on Command

Imperious in the costume shop, Madame Voss snapped her fingers for pins, refused the designer's suggestions, and told the apprentices to speak only when she pointed.

  1. 36.As used in the text, what does the word "imperious" most nearly mean?

Seats on the Boat

Overbearing on the family boat each summer, Aunt Lila assigned every seat, talked over her brother's course corrections, and treated an apology as something other people owed her.

  1. 37.As used in the text, what does the word "overbearing" most nearly mean?

Until the Partner Sat

Subservient in the law office, Patrick stood until the partner sat, rewrote a correct memo because a senior had frowned, and never offered an opinion unless invited.

  1. 38.As used in the text, what does the word "subservient" most nearly mean?

Porch at Reunion

Standoffish at the reunion, Camille stayed on the porch, declined stories about old roommates, and left before the photographs were passed around.

  1. 39.As used in the text, what does the word "standoffish" most nearly mean?

Notes in a Tin

Reticent through the whole pottery retreat, Ruth answered with a nod, kept her glaze notes in a closed tin, and slipped out before the evening critique asked anyone to speak.

  1. 40.As used in the text, what does the word "reticent" most nearly mean?

Carpet and Knees

Voluble in every waiting room, Mr. Santos described his knee, his nephew's knee, and the history of the clinic carpet, hardly pausing when the nurse called the next number.

  1. 41.As used in the text, what does the word "voluble" most nearly mean?

Smooth at Lunch

Glib at donor lunches for years, Seth produced a smooth answer for every budget question, skipped the figures in the folder, and later could not repeat a single number he had just offered.

  1. 42.As used in the text, what does the word "glib" most nearly mean?

Praise for Coats

Unctuous with every visiting editor, Paul praised their coats, their handwriting, and their most ordinary questions, laying the flattery on so thick that the interns traded looks.

  1. 43.As used in the text, what does the word "unctuous" most nearly mean?

Waiting to Sit

Servile around the conductor from the first tour, the new horn player agreed with every tempo change, laughed at jokes aimed at himself, and waited to sit until he was told the chair was his.

  1. 44.As used in the text, what does the word "servile" most nearly mean?

Names off the Plaque

Arrogant after each prize, Owen told the committee the design could not have come from anyone else and left his two coauthors off the plaque without asking them.

  1. 45.As used in the text, what does the word "arrogant" most nearly mean?

Nothing Left to Learn

Conceited about a regional medal, the pianist practiced before a mirror, corrected guests who understated the award, and waved off a master class because he said he had nothing left to learn.

  1. 46.As used in the text, what does the word "conceited" most nearly mean?

Lights on His Profile

Vain before every recital, Andre checked the side mirror twice, adjusted a curl the audience would never see, and asked whether the lights favored his profile, though the concerts themselves were real performances and not empty gestures.

  1. 47.As used in the text, what does the word "vain" most nearly mean?

A Few Useful Lists

Unpretentious about the vaccine schedule she had built, Dr. Okafor credited the nurses, wore her ordinary cardigan, and described a year's careful work as lists because that was truly how she had made it, not because she was unsure of the facts or performing simplicity.

  1. 48.As used in the text, what does the word "unpretentious" most nearly mean?

Tomatoes Three Times

Bumptious at the co-op dinner, as at every harvest meal, Martin retold his tomato yield three times, compared it with every other plot, and never asked what his neighbor had harvested.

  1. 49.As used in the text, what does the word "bumptious" most nearly mean?

Numbers and the River

Hubristic about the dam model, the young engineer skipped peer review, told the town the river would obey his numbers, and put only his initials on a plan three seniors had warned him to revise.

  1. 50.As used in the text, what does the word "hubristic" most nearly mean?

Feed against Winter

Shrewd at the cattle auction each autumn, Mrs. Bennett ignored the auctioneer's patter, priced the feed against the winter she had already calculated, and bought only the lot that paid.

  1. 51.As used in the text, what does the word "shrewd" most nearly mean?

Before the Clause

Astute in contract talks throughout her career, Leila noticed that the flattery always arrived just before a penalty clause and asked for the appendix the other side had hoped no one would read.

  1. 52.As used in the text, what does the word "astute" most nearly mean?

Hints after Midnight

Obtuse about the crew's hints for years, the night editor kept assigning the same overloaded page, missed jokes aimed at that habit, and still asked why the desk looked tired, in a newsroom where no one was measuring angles.

  1. 53.As used in the text, what does the word "obtuse" most nearly mean?

The Mismatched Date

Perspicacious with witnesses across a long career, Detective Ruiz caught the one date that did not match the ledger and asked the quiet question that made the accountant stop smiling.

  1. 54.As used in the text, what does the word "perspicacious" most nearly mean?

Weave at the Stall

Discerning at the textile stall, as she had been at every market for years, Farah rubbed the weave, rejected a cheap shine, and bought the bolt that would still look honest after washing.

  1. 55.As used in the text, what does the word "discerning" most nearly mean?

The Smaller Shop

Judicious about the bakery expansion, Helen compared rent, oven capacity, and foot traffic, then chose the smaller shop because the numbers held, with no courtroom, statute, or joke involved in the choice.

  1. 56.As used in the text, what does the word "judicious" most nearly mean?

Fountain before Roof

Injudicious with the school's reserve, the treasurer bought a courtyard fountain, skipped the roof bid, and was surprised when the spring leaks returned, a pattern of poor choices rather than legal training or slow spending.

  1. 57.As used in the text, what does the word "injudicious" most nearly mean?

Across the Flagged Crust

Foolhardy on closed ground, Chris crossed the flagged lava crust after the guide turned back, just as he had crossed a shut pier the winter before, treating a real collapse as if caution were an insult.

  1. 58.As used in the text, what does the word "foolhardy" most nearly mean?

One Line of Approval

Chary with both praise and cash, the features editor marked one line of approval, promised nothing beyond the next assignment, and kept the travel budget in a locked drawer.

  1. 59.As used in the text, what does the word "chary" most nearly mean?

Fourth Crate On

Heedless of posted load limits, the driver stacked a fourth crate, waved off the scale, and rolled onto the bridge while the warning light flashed, the same shortcut he had taken on the last two runs.

  1. 60.As used in the text, what does the word "heedless" most nearly mean?

Signed before Reading

Rash about every contract she touched, Gina signed the buyout before reading the debt schedule, as she had with two earlier leases, and spent the evening wishing she had waited, with no spots or itching on her skin.

  1. 61.As used in the text, what does the word "rash" most nearly mean?

Guard off the Blade

Reckless in the machine shop, Pavel removed the blade guard to finish faster, ignored the taped safety line, and told the apprentice that caution was for people with time, a habit the shop had tried to break for months.

  1. 62.As used in the text, what does the word "reckless" most nearly mean?

Cartons and a Sample

Wary of smooth suppliers throughout his buying career, Mr. Ortiz visited warehouses unannounced, counted the cartons himself, and kept a second quote in his pocket until the delivery matched the sample.

  1. 63.As used in the text, what does the word "wary" most nearly mean?

Two Crews, One Promise

Duplicitous with both captains, Renee promised the east crew the overtime and the west crew the same hours, then denied each promise when the crews compared notes, and she never touched a copier.

  1. 64.As used in the text, what does the word "duplicitous" most nearly mean?

No Softer Wording

Candid with the board, the coach said the defense had been unprepared, named his own missed practices, and asked for no title and no softer wording, making plain that he was not seeking office.

  1. 65.As used in the text, what does the word "candid" most nearly mean?

Dates on the Table

Forthright in parent meeting after parent meeting, Ms. Iqbal said when a student had skipped the reading, listed the dates, and answered follow-ups without a hint or a detour, staying in her chair the whole time.

  1. 66.As used in the text, what does the word "forthright" most nearly mean?

Weather and a Drill

Evasive about missing tools whenever the question came up, Darren praised the weather, retold an old fishing trip, and left the garage without once saying where the drill had gone, though he was never short of words.

  1. 67.As used in the text, what does the word "evasive" most nearly mean?

The Mislabeled Shelf

Secretive about the new glaze, the potter locked the formula in a tin, mislabeled the shelf, and changed the subject whenever another studio asked what was in the blue.

  1. 68.As used in the text, what does the word "secretive" most nearly mean?

Their Idea, His Clause

Artful in negotiation and not at a canvas, Mr. Delgado let the other firm propose the first number, then steered them into the clause he had wanted all along while sounding as if they had thought of it.

  1. 69.As used in the text, what does the word "artful" most nearly mean?

The Real Notebook

Artless in interviews, Sophie admitted she had never used the software, showed her real notebook, and did not invent a polished story or a studio credential she lacked.

  1. 70.As used in the text, what does the word "artless" most nearly mean?

Mark on the Bowl

Wily at the flea market for decades, Old Marin let buyers think the chipped bowl was ordinary, then mentioned the maker's mark only after they had shown how badly they wanted it.

  1. 71.As used in the text, what does the word "wily" most nearly mean?

Dress Shoes on Deck

Callow on his first voyage, the cadet believed every dockside boast, packed dress shoes for a wet deck, and asked whether the tide clock was a kitchen timer.

  1. 72.As used in the text, what does the word "callow" most nearly mean?

Coins and the Books

Distrustful of charity drives, Mrs. Kent assumed every collection jar hid a personal cut and checked the treasurer's books before giving a coin.

  1. 73.As used in the text, what does the word "distrustful" most nearly mean?

One Seating Diagram

Doctrinaire about classroom seating, Professor Lind applied one diagram from his book to every room for a decade, refused a wider circle when a class grew, and treated the chart as a rule rather than a suggestion.

  1. 74.As used in the text, what does the word "doctrinaire" most nearly mean?

Inside One Postal Code

Insular in a downtown newsroom far from any coast, the metro editor dismissed foreign dispatches as gossip and would not run a story that began outside his own postal code.

  1. 75.As used in the text, what does the word "insular" most nearly mean?

Hometown Authors Only

Provincial in taste though she held no public office, the city bookseller stocked only hometown authors, waved off translated novels, and called anything from another country a fad.

  1. 76.As used in the text, what does the word "provincial" most nearly mean?

Hymns He Refused

Bigoted about the choir's repertoire, Mr. Crowe refused any hymn from outside his own upbringing, would not hear the music director's examples, and called disagreement itself an insult.

  1. 77.As used in the text, what does the word "bigoted" most nearly mean?

Readings from Elsewhere

Latitudinarian on the seminary panel, Rabbi Cohen welcomed readings from other traditions, defended the students' questions, and had nothing to say about maps, borders, or how far north the campus sat.

  1. 78.As used in the text, what does the word "latitudinarian" most nearly mean?

Scores before the End

Factional in the book-prize meetings, Ellen defended her old teacher's novels at every round and scored rivals low before she finished them.

  1. 79.As used in the text, what does the word "factional" most nearly mean?

Land on Neither Side

Disinterested in the boundary dispute, the surveyor cared enough to remeasure twice, owned no land on either side, and refused a gift from both families before filing the map.

  1. 80.As used in the text, what does the word "disinterested" most nearly mean?

Points for Alumni

Partial toward alumni applicants, the reviewer finished every file, then added points only when the school name matched his own, and called the habit loyalty rather than a half-finished job.

  1. 81.As used in the text, what does the word "partial" most nearly mean?

Holiday Shifts by List

Equitable with overtime, the floor manager rotated holiday shifts by a posted list, gave her own cousin the same late turn as everyone else, and never brought a horse, a saddle, or a guess into the schedule.

  1. 82.As used in the text, what does the word "equitable" most nearly mean?

No Farewell Issue

Ruthless in cutbacks, the publisher closed the poetry list, dismissed longtime editors mid-sentence, and showed no second chance and no patience for a farewell issue.

  1. 83.As used in the text, what does the word "ruthless" most nearly mean?

Two Missed Fridays

Forbearing with late copy, the magazine editor waited through two missed Fridays, kept the writer on the piece, and did not turn a delay into a public scolding.

  1. 84.As used in the text, what does the word "forbearing" most nearly mean?

Redo instead of Zero

Lenient with first offenses, the shop teacher assigned a redo instead of a zero, explained the rule clearly, and refused the fine some parents wanted posted on the board.

  1. 85.As used in the text, what does the word "lenient" most nearly mean?

One Curdled Spoon

Severe with the apprentices, the chef restarted a sauce for a single curdled spoon, allowed no jokes during service, and wore a bright patterned scarf that no one would call plain.

  1. 86.As used in the text, what does the word "severe" most nearly mean?

One Late Consonant

Exacting about every choral recording, Maestro Ellison stopped for a single late consonant, posted the tempo in numbers, and would not accept a take the choir thought was close enough.

  1. 87.As used in the text, what does the word "exacting" most nearly mean?

Curfew on the Road

Indulgent with his trainees, Coach Rahman allowed an extra dessert on travel days, moved curfew whenever they asked, and noticed every request even when the trainers wanted a harder rule.

  1. 88.As used in the text, what does the word "indulgent" most nearly mean?

Behind the Crew Photo

Self-effacing after rescue drills, Parveen stepped behind the crew photo, spelled every teammate's name correctly for the reporter, and described her own role in a single clause.

  1. 89.As used in the text, what does the word "self-effacing" most nearly mean?

Notes about Himself

Egotistical in the writers' room, Marcus turned every plot note into a story about his own childhood, interrupted the others, and left their names off the drafts he circulated.

  1. 90.As used in the text, what does the word "egotistical" most nearly mean?

Criteria on the Fund

High-minded about the scholarship fund, Esther refused a gift that would have steered awards toward her cousins, published the criteria, and aimed the money at students with no tie to the board.

  1. 91.As used in the text, what does the word "high-minded" most nearly mean?

His Own Invoice

Self-serving on the awards panel, Greg nominated his own consultancy, argued for a rule that paid him, and showed no embarrassment about the invoice he hoped would follow.

  1. 92.As used in the text, what does the word "self-serving" most nearly mean?

Her Commission Sheet

Covetous of his partner's clients, the agent kept a private list of her accounts, lingered over her commission sheet, and offered none of his own leads in return.

  1. 93.As used in the text, what does the word "covetous" most nearly mean?

Fees from Both Sides

Rapacious in land deals, the broker pressed sellers to sign quickly, took fees from both sides, and counted every acre as something he should hold.

  1. 94.As used in the text, what does the word "rapacious" most nearly mean?

Cabinet, Ledger, Desk

Acquisitive on every trip, Beatrice bought the cabinet, then the ledger that matched it, then the desk, and she shipped them home rather than leaving a piece for the next collector.

  1. 95.As used in the text, what does the word "acquisitive" most nearly mean?

Chisels for Beginners

Openhanded with the studio tools, Mr. Diallo lent the good chisels to beginners, refused a plaque for the gesture, and restocked blades without announcing whose money had paid.

  1. 96.As used in the text, what does the word "openhanded" most nearly mean?

Folders at the Show

Rancorous years after the split, the two founders still refused a handshake at the trade show, revived the old insult in every interview, and kept a folder of grievances in each briefcase.

  1. 97.As used in the text, what does the word "rancorous" most nearly mean?

Restored to the Opening

Placable after sharp rehearsals, the director accepted a clear apology, restored the dancer to the opening, and dropped the threat to recast the role.

  1. 98.As used in the text, what does the word "placable" most nearly mean?

Payback at Opening

Vengeful about a bad review, the playwright waited a full season, then blocked the critic's access to opening night and told friends the snub was payback.

  1. 99.As used in the text, what does the word "vengeful" most nearly mean?

A Gentle Last Hour

Humane toward the shelter animals and the staff, Dr. Singh ended hopeless cases gently, sat with shaken new volunteers, and was praised for mercy rather than for simply being a person.

  1. 100.As used in the text, what does the word "humane" most nearly mean?

Shoes before Curtain

Malicious toward every understudy she outranked, Carla hid costume shoes on purpose, hoped a stumble would cost the new girl the role, and later bragged that the trick was meant to hurt.

  1. 101.As used in the text, what does the word "malicious" most nearly mean?

Fees from Her Account

Beneficent with the night students, Mrs. Alvarez kept the library open late on purpose, paid their exam fees from her own account, and refused repayment when they offered.

  1. 102.As used in the text, what does the word "beneficent" most nearly mean?

Column without Pay

Unswerving toward the neighborhood paper, Samir kept the schools column after the pay dropped to nothing, turned down a rival's offer, and still covered the Friday games.

  1. 103.As used in the text, what does the word "unswerving" most nearly mean?

Map to a Rival

Treacherous to the research team, the archivist copied their unpublished map for a rival museum and smiled through the weekly meeting, all of it on solid museum floors rather than on thin ice.

  1. 104.As used in the text, what does the word "treacherous" most nearly mean?

Emails after the Cut

Staunch when the grant was cut, the lab assistant defended the project's lead in private emails, stayed through the unpaid month, and was never asked to bandage a wound.

  1. 105.As used in the text, what does the word "staunch" most nearly mean?

Specials by Noon

Capricious about the menu, the owner swapped dumpling fillings every morning, abandoned Tuesday's special by noon, and laughed at the printed cards he had approved the night before.

  1. 106.As used in the text, what does the word "capricious" most nearly mean?

Sundays at the Hospital

Constant in friendship, Elise visited the same hospital room every Sunday for a year, kept the confidence she had been given, and was quiet company rather than a stream of events or noise.

  1. 107.As used in the text, what does the word "constant" most nearly mean?

Seven Months of Filings

Pertinacious about the water rights, Mrs. Boateng said little while she waited in line but returned to the records office for seven months, refiling after each rejection until the clerk stopped telling her to quit.

  1. 108.As used in the text, what does the word "pertinacious" most nearly mean?