GMAT Vocabulary: Argument

After a shopkeeper accused the market of unfair stall fees, the council clerk read a rebuttal that answered each charge with last year's receipts.

The librarian offered a hypothesis that damp boxes, not missing pages, explained the mold, and she set two dry crates aside to check the idea.

At the small firm, the manager's contention was that the supplier had missed the deadline, and he kept pointing at the dated shipping slip while the supplier shook his head.

Every price cut in the vendor's market pitch rested on one premise, that fresher fish sell faster, which he stated before any other point.

Seeing only empty hangers and a full register tape, the shop owner drew an inference that the blue coats had sold out overnight.

The nurse brought a second lab slip to corroborate the first result so the doctor would not have to rely on a single page.

The council treasurer's refutation of the budget rumor was the signed ledger, which showed the park fund still held the money the rumor said was gone.

Priya repeated her assertion that the client had approved the draft, holding to it even when no one else at the small firm had seen the email.

During the hours debate, the library board made one concession, admitting that evening hours had been cut too sharply, then defended the rest of the schedule.

Ms. Alvarez raised an objection to the new market stall map because her produce cart would lose the shade it had on the old row.

Treating every unsold hat as proof that hats are out of fashion was a fallacy, since the shop had simply ordered the wrong sizes.

To question the wait-time study, Dr. Shah told an anecdote about one Tuesday when three nurses were out sick, one story rather than a count of every clinic visit.

Until the engineer finished the load tests, the council's conjecture that heavy trucks caused the bridge cracks remained untested.

The analyst at the small firm asked the team to postulate steady rent for a year so the cash forecast could begin before the landlord wrote back.

In the library reading group, naming a source functioned as an axiom, and nobody asked for a reason before discussion began.

The market inspector laid out a syllogism: all unlabeled jars must be pulled, this honey is unlabeled, therefore this honey must be pulled.

Because the shop rule says any torn bag is unsellable, the clerk's deduction about the ripped rice sack was that it had to leave the shelf.

After twelve charts each showed the rash following the same soap, the clinic offered an induction that the soap was a likely cause.

A council member offered an analogy between the town wells and shared cups, arguing that one dirty source could reach every household.

The claim that every late file was the client's fault collapsed at the small firm under a counterexample, its own unsent draft from March.

The market honey label carried a disclaimer that confined local to hives in this county, whatever flowers the bees had reached beyond it.

Staff treated the allegation that a tutor had removed rare maps as unproved, and the library held the key log instead of announcing guilt.

The night clerk's testimony was the only account of the broken shop window, and she described what she had seen on her round.

The clinic kept the driver's affidavit, signed under oath, with the accident file and set aside the phone retelling.

The council chair set the contractor complaint aside as hearsay because it came from a neighbor who had not seen the work.

For the overtime claim, the small firm's documentation was the door-swipe record of who had stayed past six.

The inspector's verification of the market scale used a known weight on the pan rather than the vendor's word.

The shop's return log matched every refund slip, so the staff could not gainsay it.

Two trustees wrote out their dissent from the vote to close the library branch on Mondays, while the rest of the board voted yes.

When the clinic director moved to share full charts with the insurer, the privacy officer was the one to demur, insisting that names come off first.

While the repair vote waited, a council member chose to quibble over whether the path was a lane or a walk.

At the small firm, the client found time to cavil at the report's margin width and never mentioned the totals.

The market baker rose to controvert the frozen-dough rumor and invited the inspector to watch that morning's mix.

The shop owner laid the counted drawer beside the tape and, to the cent, could confute the rumor of a cash shortage.

Checkout cards from last spring disprove the story that the atlas never left the library.

The head nurse could attest to the freezer alarm because she had been in the clinic room when it sounded.

Having measured the spans herself, the engineer was willing to vouch for the bridge report before the council.

Only after ticking every bin would the outside accountant certify the small firm's inventory total.

The market dealer refused to sell the silver coin until he could authenticate its stamp against the mint guide.

In answer to the leak complaint, the shop manager chose to adduce the timestamped photos rather than argue from memory.

Smudged due-date stamps on the library dictionary evince years of handling, not a book left unread on the shelf.

In her reply about the dose, Dr. Okeke took care to cite the clinic dosing chart.

From three icy side streets, a council member moved to generalize that every road in town was unsafe.

The brochure page seemed to overstate the small firm's reach, listing forty accounts while the files held twenty-two.

Calling six iced crates a few fish would understate the market catch that morning.

A sign saying every coat was half price would misrepresent a shop sale that marked down only the winter rack.

Lifting one sentence from the library report would distort a careful maybe into a flat yes.

The clinic poster would exaggerate the study, turning a finding that most patients improved into a promise that everyone recovers in a day.

A council member called a street puddle a lake that would swallow the town, hyperbole aimed at pushing the drainage vote.

Weeks of denying the late fee ended when the supplier had to capitulate before the small firm's signed delivery receipt.

Once the inspector's scale showed the missing ounces, the market vendor had to acknowledge the short weight.

The camera log would contradict the shop clerk who said the door stayed locked at noon.

Patrons came to the desk to dispute the fine, pointing out that the library book drop had been sealed during the storm.

The resident had reason to challenge the intake line that listed no allergies after the patient described a penicillin rash at the clinic.

Accused of ignoring the petition, the council chair snapped out a retort and thrust the agenda forward to show the hearing date already in print.

The client's rejoinder took the small firm's delay memo apart line by line and demanded a new date in writing.

Shouted at over soft peppers, Lena's riposte at the market stall was to slice one open on the spot and show it was still crisp.

Rather than defend the boot price directly, the shop owner would parry by asking which nearby store sold the same pair for less.

Asked whether the archive was complete, the library clerk began to equivocate, offering only the phrases in a sense and that depends.

Pressed for the glove date, the clinic supplier began to prevaricate, describing the boxes as on the way while they still sat in his warehouse.

The fee increase sat inside dense annex tables that did more to obfuscate the change than to show it to the council.

The analyst at the small firm stopped to elucidate a dip in the chart, tracing it to one lost client rather than a market collapse.

At the stall, the market inspector began to explicate net weight, taking the vendor through the labeling rule line by line.

Given the floor, the shop buyer began to expound on keeping wool coats up front, walking the staff through last January's sales.

The student would paraphrase the library ban on ink in the rare-book room as a rule to use pencil only.

Under the recovery figure, the clinic poster carried an attribution naming the county health office that had produced the count.

Before the council hung the street map, the archivist asked for its provenance, from the office that drew it to the attic that stored it.

The client withheld belief in the status email's veracity until photos from the small firm matched every line.

The organic banner at the market stall was a falsehood, and the inspector found ordinary treated seed in the back bin.

A canard that the shop watered its perfume traveled the block until the owner opened a sealed bottle for the doubters.

The tour guide's account of a secret basement vault was a fabrication, and no library building plan showed such a room.

The clinic pamphlet's leap from one recovered patient to a claim that the tonic cures all was sophistry dressed up as proof.

It sounded plausible that cheaper paint was the same paint, but the specious claim before the council fell apart when the spec sheet showed a thinner mix.

The bookkeeper at the small firm flagged a spurious invoice, which wore the firm logo above an account number the bank did not recognize.

Talk of rats in the grain stall proved unfounded after the market inspector opened every sack and found none.

Tales of gold hidden in the shop wall were apocryphal, and no ledger, deed, or retired clerk could say where the tale began.

After the sign-in sheets placed the tutor abroad, his claim to have been in the library reading room that week was untenable.

From one cough in the waiting room, the clinic receptionist was ready to surmise a flu cluster.

Accepting that the lot was a park carried a corollary the council could not dodge, because stalls could not then be built there.

The memo at the small firm never said the branch would close, but the implication if the lease talks failed was hard to miss.

Under the posted market rule, a failed weight test had a single entailment: the stall had to stop selling by weight.

The shop sign's claim that a sale item is an item on sale was a tautology and did not show that any price had actually dropped.

The library door notice stated a paradox, that the rare-book room was open only when it was closed for cleaning.

Against a flyer saying vitamins can replace meals, the clinic nurse's counterargument was a chart showing patients still needed food.

To the town's delay charge, the contractor filed a counterclaim that the council had withheld the site permit.

Ms. Feldman accepted the small firm's forecast only with a reservation that the unsold branch be left out of the figures.

Yesterday's fish could still wear a fresh-daily sign at the market because of a loophole that counted chilled storage as fresh.

Each tag that failed to match the ad did a little more to undermine the shop's half-price claim.

Two catalogs, compiled separately, were enough to buttress the library archivist's claim that the diary was complete.

The shorter-wait claim at the clinic had appointment logs to underpin it, rather than a slogan painted on the door.

The liaison stood before the council to advocate evening clinic hours and brought a tally of patients who cannot leave work by day.

Jules, the proponent of a four-day week at the small firm, spent the meeting making the case for it to partners who wanted Friday staffing kept.

At the market hearing, the loudest opponent of the plastic-bag ban warned that paper sacks would cost the fish stalls more every week.

Her letter to regulars was a polemic on the going-out-of-business banner, attacking a claim that the shop was closing when it was only moving.

Long after the other speakers had sat, a library trustee was still in a diatribe against the fine amnesty, calling the plan a reward for carelessness.

The unsigned note aimed invective at the clinic billing desk, insults in place of any date, charge, or patient the desk could check.

Without a straight accusation, a council remark carried an innuendo that the clerk had favored his cousin's bid.

A joke in the email carried an insinuation that the junior associate at the small firm had leaked the draft, never put as a plain charge.

What impressed the inspector was the cogency of the market vendor's account, with each step lined up to a receipt.

The shop complaint lacked coherence, since the receipt, the date, and the item belonged to three different sales.

The anonymous post lost credibility after the library showed that the book had never been in the collection.

The home monitor earned trust in its reliability at the clinic only after it matched the cuff in the exam room three mornings running.

The council spent the hour on the validity of arguing from one icy street to every street in town.

In the small firm's file, the dated email was the probative piece, placing the client's approval before the Friday meeting.

On whether the oil was olive, the lab slip at the market stall was dispositive, and no further test was needed.

The time clock was exculpatory for the shop closer, who had not arrived by the noon hour of the theft.

The key-card log was inculpatory for the library night aide, placing him in the map room at the hour the plate went missing.