GRE Vocabulary: Ideas and Community

Words for knowledge, community, and public life, each in a short sentence.

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The Soil Samples

After weighing every soil sample from the quad, the lab class called the finding a posteriori, since it rested on those measurements rather than on an untested guess.

  1. 1.As used in the text, what does the word "a posteriori" most nearly mean?

A Learned Lecture

The lecture was erudite: Professor Ngo quoted commentators from three centuries and explained the disagreement among them.

  1. 2.As used in the text, what does the word "erudite" most nearly mean?

The Standard Definition

In the methods seminar, the textbook definition was treated as orthodox, and the rival definition was labeled a departure.

  1. 3.As used in the text, what does the word "orthodox" most nearly mean?

A One-Sided Flyer

The editor refused the flyer because it was chauvinistic, praising one campus slate and dismissing the other as unworthy of a hearing.

  1. 4.As used in the text, what does the word "chauvinistic" most nearly mean?

The Methods Paper

Faculty still assign that methods paper because it is seminal: research projects in the department begin from the distinction it introduced.

  1. 5.As used in the text, what does the word "seminal" most nearly mean?

One Ward Only

Council members called the transit plan myopic after seeing that it funded one ward and left the other seven wards out.

  1. 6.As used in the text, what does the word "myopic" most nearly mean?

The Club Slogan

Members of the club treated the slogan as a creed, repeating it as settled and waving away any request for evidence.

  1. 7.As used in the text, what does the word "creed" most nearly mean?

Three Cities Talking

The residence hall feels cosmopolitan: students compare library customs from Lagos, Seoul, and Montreal as if all three belong in one conversation.

  1. 8.As used in the text, what does the word "cosmopolitan" most nearly mean?

Steps in the Catalog

The pamphlet is didactic on purpose: each panel walks a new borrower through one step of the catalog.

  1. 9.As used in the text, what does the word "didactic" most nearly mean?

Marks on the Shelf

Those shelf marks are esoteric, and only the two catalogers who trained in them can explain the symbols to everyone else.

  1. 10.As used in the text, what does the word "esoteric" most nearly mean?

A Difficult Proof

The proof was so abstruse that the lecturer paused and rebuilt it in shorter steps for the class.

  1. 11.As used in the text, what does the word "abstruse" most nearly mean?

Required Founding Essays

Every section must read those three essays, which the department lists as the canonical account of the library's founding.

  1. 12.As used in the text, what does the word "canonical" most nearly mean?

A Different Reading

Her paper was heterodox: it set aside the seminar's usual reading and defended a different one.

  1. 13.As used in the text, what does the word "heterodox" most nearly mean?

The Writing Center

One tenet of the writing center is that students must revise their own claims rather than copy a model paragraph.

  1. 14.As used in the text, what does the word "tenet" most nearly mean?

A Starting Claim

The tutor called it a presupposition that no statement can be both true and false at the same time, and she did not ask the class to prove it.

  1. 15.As used in the text, what does the word "presupposition" most nearly mean?

The Missing Atlas

Lila offered a hypothesis for the missing atlas, that it was still sitting on a shelving cart, and she went downstairs to check.

  1. 16.As used in the text, what does the word "hypothesis" most nearly mean?

Nadia's Forum Claim

In the forum, Nadia's thesis was that shared reading rooms strengthen a neighborhood, and she spent the hour defending that claim.

  1. 17.As used in the text, what does the word "thesis" most nearly mean?

The Quiet Floor

The library guide called quiet rush an oxymoron, because a rush of students and quiet seem to cancel each other on that floor.

  1. 18.As used in the text, what does the word "oxymoron" most nearly mean?

Too Plain to Debate

The remark that practice improves skill landed as a truism in the seminar, a point so plain that nobody rose to debate it.

  1. 19.As used in the text, what does the word "truism" most nearly mean?

How Tutors Teach

The workshop compared pedagogy, asking each tutor to show how she would teach the same citation rule.

  1. 20.As used in the text, what does the word "pedagogy" most nearly mean?

The Map Room

Jonah is a neophyte in the map room, so a senior librarian still has to show him which drawer holds the ward atlases.

  1. 21.As used in the text, what does the word "neophyte" most nearly mean?

A Week per Subject

The curator called Ren a dilettante because Ren sampled a new subject every week and never stayed long enough to learn one.

  1. 22.As used in the text, what does the word "dilettante" most nearly mean?

The Alley-Name Book

On the reserve shelf sits a treatise on alley names, a long formal book that examines how this neighborhood chose each one.

  1. 23.As used in the text, what does the word "treatise" most nearly mean?

One Slim Volume

New staff receive a compendium of borrowing rules, one slim volume that gathers every current policy.

  1. 24.As used in the text, what does the word "compendium" most nearly mean?

Posting the Noise Rule

Once the vote passed, the council moved to gazette the noise rule, entering it in the public record and reading it aloud at the next open meeting.

  1. 25.As used in the text, what does the word "gazette" most nearly mean?

Stacks in Every Dorm

Peer tutors propagate the study sheet by leaving a stack in every dorm and sending the file to each campus club.

  1. 26.As used in the text, what does the word "propagate" most nearly mean?

Slogans without Objection

Critics said the workshop would indoctrinate first-year students if it required them to repeat the slogans without a chance to object.

  1. 27.As used in the text, what does the word "indoctrinate" most nearly mean?

Every Editor's Vote

The headline decision was collegial: every editor had a vote, and no single desk chief could set it alone.

  1. 28.As used in the text, what does the word "collegial" most nearly mean?

Talking toward Agreement

The chair waited for consensus, asking members to keep talking until nearly all of them could accept one plan.

  1. 29.As used in the text, what does the word "consensus" most nearly mean?

Half the Seats

The clerk stopped the hearing for lack of a quorum, since only a third of the members had come and the bylaws allow business only when at least half are present.

  1. 30.As used in the text, what does the word "quorum" most nearly mean?

The Speaker Series

For years one alumni club held hegemony over the speaker series, choosing every guest while newer clubs had no say.

  1. 31.As used in the text, what does the word "hegemony" most nearly mean?

The Branch Board

The branch asked for autonomy so its own board could set closing time instead of waiting for an order from downtown.

  1. 32.As used in the text, what does the word "autonomy" most nearly mean?

Two Film Societies

A schism opened in the film society when half the members left and formed a second society with a rival list.

  1. 33.As used in the text, what does the word "schism" most nearly mean?

Night Students' Request

A faction of night students asked for later hours, while most of the council preferred to keep the current schedule.

  1. 34.As used in the text, what does the word "faction" most nearly mean?

Four Regulars

Four regulars, a coterie that seldom invites outsiders, choose the poems for the library's spring reading.

  1. 35.As used in the text, what does the word "coterie" most nearly mean?

One Shared Petition

Shop owners, parents, and tutors built a coalition and brought one shared petition for later library hours.

  1. 36.As used in the text, what does the word "coalition" most nearly mean?

The Lobby Display

The lobby display on suffrage traces how women in the United States pressed for the right to vote in federal elections.

  1. 37.As used in the text, what does the word "suffrage" most nearly mean?

Last April's Petition

The chair called last April's petition a lodestar, the earlier grant the council still followed when the same kind of request returned.

  1. 38.As used in the text, what does the word "lodestar" most nearly mean?

Beliefs about Government

The speaker asked the club to name its ideology, the connected beliefs about government that were supposed to guide its proposals.

  1. 39.As used in the text, what does the word "ideology" most nearly mean?

Parks and Libraries

This neighborhood council is secular: the agenda covers parks and libraries, and meetings do not include a religious service.

  1. 40.As used in the text, what does the word "secular" most nearly mean?

A Shared Memorial

Students from several faiths planned the memorial readings together, and the chaplain called the service ecumenical.

  1. 41.As used in the text, what does the word "ecumenical" most nearly mean?

Songs and Holiday Foods

The block party is syncretic: neighbors join songs and holiday foods from more than one heritage in a single evening.

  1. 42.As used in the text, what does the word "syncretic" most nearly mean?

The Unanswered Objection

The tutor told him the draft sounded doctrinaire because it repeated the slogan and never answered the objection.

  1. 43.As used in the text, what does the word "doctrinaire" most nearly mean?

An Uneven Grid

The schedule they picked was utilitarian: it got the largest number of students to the branch, even though the grid looked uneven.

  1. 44.As used in the text, what does the word "utilitarian" most nearly mean?

Every Dispute Settled

Reviewers called the plan utopian because it imagined a campus where every dispute had already been settled.

  1. 45.As used in the text, what does the word "utopian" most nearly mean?

Donors Left Out

The lecture was revisionist, arguing that the familiar story of the founding had left out the neighborhood donors.

  1. 46.As used in the text, what does the word "revisionist" most nearly mean?

Point by Point

The editorial is polemical: it attacks the closing plan point by point instead of merely describing the hours.

  1. 47.As used in the text, what does the word "polemical" most nearly mean?

An Unrecorded Remark

The archivist marked the story apocryphal because the diary and the minutes do not record that the founder ever said it.

  1. 48.As used in the text, what does the word "apocryphal" most nearly mean?

Another Evening Clerk

If the branch stays open past nine, a ramification is that the board must hire another evening clerk.

  1. 49.As used in the text, what does the word "ramification" most nearly mean?

The Unchecked Drawer

Her account was tenable, since a misfiled card could explain the gap, but nobody had checked the drawer yet.

  1. 50.As used in the text, what does the word "tenable" most nearly mean?

An Impressive Example

The reply was casuistic: it piled up special cases until the plain rule no longer seemed to apply.

  1. 51.As used in the text, what does the word "casuistic" most nearly mean?

One Patron's Memory

The instructor flagged the step as unwarranted because one patron's memory was being offered as proof about every visitor.

  1. 52.As used in the text, what does the word "unwarranted" most nearly mean?

Three Memories

The report is impressionistic, retelling three patrons' memories and giving no tally of the week's visitors.

  1. 53.As used in the text, what does the word "impressionistic" most nearly mean?

Entries and the Claim

Her answer was incisive, linking each catalog entry to the claim so the panel could follow the reasoning.

  1. 54.As used in the text, what does the word "incisive" most nearly mean?

A Single Reading

The handbook is lucid: a first-year student can follow every borrowing rule on a single reading.

  1. 55.As used in the text, what does the word "lucid" most nearly mean?

A Footnote Halt

The editor was being pettifogging when she halted the meeting over a footnote that did not change the argument.

  1. 56.As used in the text, what does the word "pettifogging" most nearly mean?

A Specialist Journal

The citation was recondite, pointing to a specialist journal that none of the first-year students had met before.

  1. 57.As used in the text, what does the word "recondite" most nearly mean?

Old Donation Codes

The old donation codes are arcane, and a cataloger has to translate them before the rest of the staff can use the list.

  1. 58.As used in the text, what does the word "arcane" most nearly mean?

Author, Year, Page

The tutor gave them a mnemonic for citations: author, then year, then page, a sequence they could remember before checking the handbook.

  1. 59.As used in the text, what does the word "mnemonic" most nearly mean?

A Fair Hearing

This hearing became a paradigm: later classes used it as the pattern of a fair council session.

  1. 60.As used in the text, what does the word "paradigm" most nearly mean?

A Line between Points

The geometry circle took as its assumption that a straight line can join any two points on the board, and it did not stop to prove that step.

  1. 61.As used in the text, what does the word "assumption" most nearly mean?

Above the Desk

A maxim hangs above the writing-center desk, advising students to revise the claim before they polish the sentences.

  1. 62.As used in the text, what does the word "maxim" most nearly mean?

Naming the Source

One precept guides the honor board: a student names the source of every idea that is not the student's own.

  1. 63.As used in the text, what does the word "precept" most nearly mean?

Open Stacks

The seminar spent the hour on the school's doctrine of open stacks, the set of beliefs it has taught about letting readers walk the shelves.

  1. 64.As used in the text, what does the word "doctrine" most nearly mean?

Five Sentences

The club posted its credo on the board, five sentences naming what the members believe a public library owes its neighborhood.

  1. 65.As used in the text, what does the word "credo" most nearly mean?

Questions and Answers

Orientation includes a catechism of library rules, with each rule posed as a question and followed by the accepted answer.

  1. 66.As used in the text, what does the word "catechism" most nearly mean?

The Donor Letter

The seminar's exegesis of the donor letter went line by line, explaining what each sentence was doing in the argument.

  1. 67.As used in the text, what does the word "exegesis" most nearly mean?

Reading the Minutes

The course in hermeneutics asks how a reader should interpret the minutes of a neighborhood council, not how to store the paper they are written on.

  1. 68.As used in the text, what does the word "hermeneutics" most nearly mean?

Hours, Story, Poem

The talk was discursive, sliding from library hours to a childhood story to a poem before it returned to the motion on the table.

  1. 69.As used in the text, what does the word "discursive" most nearly mean?

The Budget Line

The chair allowed the question because it was apropos, bearing directly on the budget line the council was amending.

  1. 70.As used in the text, what does the word "apropos" most nearly mean?

Beside the Point

The chair set the comment aside as peripheral: it brushed the topic and had no bearing on the vote.

  1. 71.As used in the text, what does the word "peripheral" most nearly mean?

The Honor Code

In that seminar the honor code is sacrosanct: students may debate its application, but they do not treat the code itself as optional.

  1. 72.As used in the text, what does the word "sacrosanct" most nearly mean?

Competing Accounts

The college describes its pluralism in the course guide: students are expected to encounter competing accounts rather than a single required outlook.

  1. 73.As used in the text, what does the word "pluralism" most nearly mean?

Only Their Own Club

The argument turned sectarian when speakers would defend only their own club and refused to hear the others.

  1. 74.As used in the text, what does the word "sectarian" most nearly mean?

One Small Town

Critics called the editorial provincial because it judged every city library by the habits of one small town.

  1. 75.As used in the text, what does the word "provincial" most nearly mean?

No Outside Reports

The committee grew insular, reading no report from any campus but its own and dismissing the rest as irrelevant.

  1. 76.As used in the text, what does the word "insular" most nearly mean?

The Same Reading List

The club was homogeneous that year: every member had come through the same honors program and shared the same reading list.

  1. 77.As used in the text, what does the word "homogeneous" most nearly mean?

Students, Alumni, Neighbors

The working group is heterogeneous, mixing first-year students, alumni, and neighbors who use the branch for different reasons.

  1. 78.As used in the text, what does the word "heterogeneous" most nearly mean?

The Language Table

The language table is an enclave on this campus, a small circle that keeps its home language inside a much larger English-speaking student body.

  1. 79.As used in the text, what does the word "enclave" most nearly mean?

Graduates Abroad

The alumni diaspora still reads the campus journal, though those graduates now live in many countries.

  1. 80.As used in the text, what does the word "diaspora" most nearly mean?

Holidays on the Block

The history talk described deracination as the pressure new families felt to give up the holidays of their home culture.

  1. 81.As used in the text, what does the word "deracination" most nearly mean?

Campus Habits and Home

The workshop treated acculturation as a two-way adjustment: newcomers learned campus meeting habits and also kept customs from home.

  1. 82.As used in the text, what does the word "acculturation" most nearly mean?

Notes on the Shelf

Regulars say the library's ethos is quiet help: people leave shelf notes so the next reader can find a source.

  1. 83.As used in the text, what does the word "ethos" most nearly mean?

Duties, Not Convenience

The guide separates mores from mere convenience, reserving the word for customs the neighborhood treats as duties.

  1. 84.As used in the text, what does the word "mores" most nearly mean?

Three Desks, Two Forms

Getting a new library card means dealing with the city's bureaucracy: three desks, two forms, and a stamp from the records office.

  1. 85.As used in the text, what does the word "bureaucracy" most nearly mean?

Pages to Clerks

The staff chart shows a hierarchy: assistants answer to clerks, clerks to the branch head, and the branch head to the city office.

  1. 86.As used in the text, what does the word "hierarchy" most nearly mean?

Five Trustees

Critics called the board an oligarchy because five appointed trustees made every decision and the readers had no vote.

  1. 87.As used in the text, what does the word "oligarchy" most nearly mean?

The Strongest Project

The scholarship note describes a meritocracy: the award goes to the student with the strongest research project, not the most familiar last name.

  1. 88.As used in the text, what does the word "meritocracy" most nearly mean?

Clergy and Councils

The class contrasted a theocracy, a government in which religious authorities hold power, with a council chosen by voters.

  1. 89.As used in the text, what does the word "theocracy" most nearly mean?

Engineers and Water

In the model charter the students drafted, a technocracy would let engineers set the water policy because of their expertise, with no vote by residents.

  1. 90.As used in the text, what does the word "technocracy" most nearly mean?

One Vote Each

The bylaws are egalitarian: each member's vote counts the same, and no officer's vote counts twice.

  1. 91.As used in the text, what does the word "egalitarian" most nearly mean?

Neighbors and the Budget

The speech was populist, urging ordinary neighbors rather than a small appointed board to set the library's budget.

  1. 92.As used in the text, what does the word "populist" most nearly mean?

Before the Open Meeting

Night-shift librarians held a caucus before the open meeting so they could agree on the hours they would propose together.

  1. 93.As used in the text, what does the word "caucus" most nearly mean?

The Door Shut

Trustees sat in conclave with the door shut, reviewing the budget before they spoke to the neighborhood.

  1. 94.As used in the text, what does the word "conclave" most nearly mean?

Five Scholars

Five scholars sat as a symposium, each addressing the same question before students joined the discussion.

  1. 95.As used in the text, what does the word "symposium" most nearly mean?

Thursday's Paper

Graduate students host a colloquium each Thursday: one paper is read, and the room then questions the argument.

  1. 96.As used in the text, what does the word "colloquium" most nearly mean?

Letters from the District

She read letters from her constituency, the residents of the district that had elected her to the council.

  1. 97.As used in the text, what does the word "constituency" most nearly mean?

Eligible to Vote

The leaflet addresses the electorate, everyone in the ward who is eligible to cast a ballot on the library bond.

  1. 98.As used in the text, what does the word "electorate" most nearly mean?

Residents Must Approve

The bond's success, the speaker said, depends on the citizenry, not on the council alone, because residents are the ones who must approve it.

  1. 99.As used in the text, what does the word "citizenry" most nearly mean?

How Leaders Are Chosen

Students compared each polity by asking how that community selected leaders and how it changed its rules.

  1. 100.As used in the text, what does the word "polity" most nearly mean?

The Bond's Margin

When the library bond passed by a wide margin, the board read the result as a mandate to add evening hours.

  1. 101.As used in the text, what does the word "mandate" most nearly mean?

Residents, Not Only Council

The city will hold a referendum so residents, not only the council, can vote on the library bond.

  1. 102.As used in the text, what does the word "referendum" most nearly mean?

The Garden Vote

Residents faced a plebiscite on the square: every registered neighbor could vote yes or no on turning it into a library garden.

  1. 103.As used in the text, what does the word "plebiscite" most nearly mean?

The Sunday Privilege

The council gave the neighborhood association the Sunday franchise for the reading room, the exclusive privilege of operating it that day.

  1. 104.As used in the text, what does the word "franchise" most nearly mean?

The Approving Vote

Members met to ratify the schedule: after the approving vote, the posted hours became the branch's official rule.

  1. 105.As used in the text, what does the word "ratify" most nearly mean?

A Reprimand on File

The honor board's censure was a written reprimand placed in the file; the student remained enrolled and the poster stayed on the board.

  1. 106.As used in the text, what does the word "censure" most nearly mean?

Monday's Faculty Hall

The dean will convoke the faculty on Monday, summoning every department to one hall for the library vote.

  1. 107.As used in the text, what does the word "convoke" most nearly mean?

Scattered Memos

Librarians met to codify the borrowing memos, turning scattered notes into one numbered code any patron could consult.

  1. 108.As used in the text, what does the word "codify" most nearly mean?