GRE Vocabulary: Actions

Verbs for what people do, change, and decide, each in a short sentence.

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A Softer Penalty

Extra days mitigated the fine for a late chapter, so the student paid less than the syllabus had first required.

  1. 1.As used in the text, what does the word "mitigated" most nearly mean?

A Second Diary

A second field diary corroborated the rainfall date, matching the first notebook with an independent entry from the same storm.

  1. 2.As used in the text, what does the word "corroborated" most nearly mean?

Fog of Jargon

Dense jargon obfuscated the result, wrapping a simple count in phrases so cloudy that the seminar could not tell what had been measured.

  1. 3.As used in the text, what does the word "obfuscated" most nearly mean?

The Rejected Preface

In a letter to the journal, the historian repudiated the preface, refusing to accept it as a statement of her views.

  1. 4.As used in the text, what does the word "repudiated" most nearly mean?

Two Open Titles

All morning the editor vacillated between the two titles, leaning toward one and then the other without settling.

  1. 5.As used in the text, what does the word "vacillated" most nearly mean?

A Gentler Week

A revised rota ameliorated the overload, and the night shift became easier to bear than it had been in the first plan.

  1. 6.As used in the text, what does the word "ameliorated" most nearly mean?

The Ended Bylaw

By a recorded vote, the council abrogated the old bylaw, formally ending a rule that had governed the archive for decades.

  1. 7.As used in the text, what does the word "abrogated" most nearly mean?

A Margin Outline

In the margin she adumbrated the lost argument, setting down a rough outline of its headings and none of the proof.

  1. 8.As used in the text, what does the word "adumbrated" most nearly mean?

One Friday Class

The two small seminars amalgamated into a single Friday meeting, and topics that had lived in separate rooms now shared one roster.

  1. 9.As used in the text, what does the word "amalgamated" most nearly mean?

Shared Equipment

A patient mediator pacified the two labs, and by evening the teams that had argued over the centrifuge agreed on a shared calendar.

  1. 10.As used in the text, what does the word "pacified" most nearly mean?

An Unwritten Power

The new editor arrogated a veto over cover art, seizing a power the charter never gave that desk.

  1. 11.As used in the text, what does the word "arrogated" most nearly mean?

A Calmer Letter

The chair's letter assuaged the fellows' alarm, and the fear that their stipends would vanish grew quieter even though the budget was unchanged.

  1. 12.As used in the text, what does the word "assuaged" most nearly mean?

A Fainter Signal

By the time it reached the far bench, distance had attenuated the radio signal, and the tone was weaker than it had been at the transmitter.

  1. 13.As used in the text, what does the word "attenuated" most nearly mean?

A Firm Statement

Questioned about the gap in the folio, the archivist averred that every leaf was original, stating it as a fact she would defend.

  1. 14.As used in the text, what does the word "averred" most nearly mean?

Abstract Versus Appendix

The appendix belied the abstract, listing a hand-picked set where the abstract had called the sample random.

  1. 15.As used in the text, what does the word "belied" most nearly mean?

A Firm Protest

On the train she remonstrated against the funding cut, protesting it in a firm speech after the group had avoided the subject since the station.

  1. 16.As used in the text, what does the word "remonstrated" most nearly mean?

A Growing Seminar

Enrollment in the night seminar burgeoned, climbing from six students in September to thirty before the winter break.

  1. 17.As used in the text, what does the word "burgeoned" most nearly mean?

Extra Support

Two control runs buttressed her conclusion, bracing the claim with results that pointed the same way as the main trial.

  1. 18.As used in the text, what does the word "buttressed" most nearly mean?

A Tiny Objection

He caviled at a comma in the footnote while praising the argument itself, fussing over a tiny mark and nothing larger.

  1. 19.As used in the text, what does the word "caviled" most nearly mean?

Three Counties Only

The grant circumscribed the survey, confining it to three counties and barring any site beyond that line.

  1. 20.As used in the text, what does the word "circumscribed" most nearly mean?

A Shared Thesis

Scattered comments from the seminar coalesced by dusk into one thesis that everyone in the room could sign.

  1. 21.As used in the text, what does the word "coalesced" most nearly mean?

A Missed Deadline

The advisor condoned the late draft this once, treating the missed deadline as acceptable rather than as an offense.

  1. 22.As used in the text, what does the word "condoned" most nearly mean?

A Failed Replication

The replication confuted the bold claim, because the effect that the paper had announced never appeared when the trial was repeated.

  1. 23.As used in the text, what does the word "confuted" most nearly mean?

A Broken Rule

Shipping the samples overnight contravened the lab rule that required a second signature, and the log showed the violation plainly.

  1. 24.As used in the text, what does the word "contravened" most nearly mean?

The Public Reading

A year of private drafts culminated in a public reading, the high point the workshop had been building toward all term.

  1. 25.As used in the text, what does the word "culminated" most nearly mean?

One Field Hour

Lightning curtailed the field day, and the crew packed the tripods after only one hour instead of the planned six.

  1. 26.As used in the text, what does the word "curtailed" most nearly mean?

Against the Premise

The discussant controverted the opening premise, arguing directly against it instead of building upon it.

  1. 27.As used in the text, what does the word "controverted" most nearly mean?

Closing the Room

At the open meeting, speakers decried the plan to close the reading room, condemning it aloud so the council would hear the protest.

  1. 28.As used in the text, what does the word "decried" most nearly mean?

Stages in Words

Her memo delineated each stage of the proof, stating in exact words where one step ended and the next began.

  1. 29.As used in the text, what does the word "delineated" most nearly mean?

Not Ready to Sign

Asked to approve the minutes, the delegate demurred, stating a specific objection to the last paragraph rather than nodding the page through.

  1. 30.As used in the text, what does the word "demurred" most nearly mean?

Voicing Disapproval

She deprecated the shortcut in her remarks, voicing disapproval of a method she still described as serious rather than silly.

  1. 31.As used in the text, what does the word "deprecated" most nearly mean?

A Scornful Note

The footnote derogated the rival method, sneering at it as clumsy instead of comparing the measurements.

  1. 32.As used in the text, what does the word "derogated" most nearly mean?

The Drying Cabinet

Overnight the drying cabinet desiccated the leaf sample, drawing off moisture until the tissue snapped when bent.

  1. 33.As used in the text, what does the word "desiccated" most nearly mean?

The Full Shelves

One look at the crowded shelves disabused the visitors of the idea that the vault was empty.

  1. 34.As used in the text, what does the word "disabused" most nearly mean?

Blush at the Podium

The unexpected question discomfited the speaker, who blushed and forgot the name of his own chart even though nobody challenged his data.

  1. 35.As used in the text, what does the word "discomfited" most nearly mean?

Sent to Every Member

The society disseminated the abstract, sending it to every member instead of leaving the only copy in one folder.

  1. 36.As used in the text, what does the word "disseminated" most nearly mean?

The Core Claim

In four sentences she distilled the hour-long talk, pulling out the essential claim and leaving the asides behind.

  1. 37.As used in the text, what does the word "distilled" most nearly mean?

Name in the Hall

In the hallway she divulged the donor's name, telling a colleague a detail the gift letter had marked as private.

  1. 38.As used in the text, what does the word "divulged" most nearly mean?

A Clear Example

A single worked example elucidated the term, making plain a definition that the glossary had left murky.

  1. 39.As used in the text, what does the word "elucidated" most nearly mean?

An Unwanted Dispute

A careless footnote embroiled the journal in a priority fight, pulling the editors into a conflict they had hoped to stay out of.

  1. 40.As used in the text, what does the word "embroiled" most nearly mean?

A Margin Correction

The editor emended the date in the margin, changing a mistaken 1680 to 1686 so the note matched the watermark.

  1. 41.As used in the text, what does the word "emended" most nearly mean?

A Stack of Appeals

The ambiguous rule engendered a stack of appeals, giving rise to disputes that the old, plainer wording had never produced.

  1. 42.As used in the text, what does the word "engendered" most nearly mean?

Receipts by Friday

The council enjoined every member to file receipts by Friday, and the clerk read that order aloud so the duty was unmistakable.

  1. 43.As used in the text, what does the word "enjoined" most nearly mean?

Each Archive Named

She enumerated the archives one by one, naming each repository instead of gesturing at them as a vague group.

  1. 44.As used in the text, what does the word "enumerated" most nearly mean?

Both and Neither

Asked whether the trial had succeeded, she equivocated, calling the result both a success and a failure so that no one could tell which side she took.

  1. 45.As used in the text, what does the word "equivocated" most nearly mean?

No Shortcut

She eschewed the quicker assay, deliberately avoiding a method she had already found unreliable on this pigment.

  1. 46.As used in the text, what does the word "eschewed" most nearly mean?

A Vague Rubric

A vague rubric exacerbated the grading dispute, and confusion that might have stayed small grew sharper after the sheet was posted.

  1. 47.As used in the text, what does the word "exacerbated" most nearly mean?

A Severe Review

The review excoriated the exhibit, attacking the hanging and the labels in severe language from the first sentence to the last.

  1. 48.As used in the text, what does the word "excoriated" most nearly mean?

A Time Stamp

The door log exculpated the assistant, clearing her because the stamp showed she had left the building before the samples were moved.

  1. 49.As used in the text, what does the word "exculpated" most nearly mean?

Proofs Before Noon

A courier expedited the proofs, getting them to the printer before noon instead of on the usual evening run.

  1. 50.As used in the text, what does the word "expedited" most nearly mean?

A Duplicate Line

The archivist expunged the duplicate line, removing it so completely that the register no longer showed the entry at all.

  1. 51.As used in the text, what does the word "expunged" most nearly mean?

A Handbook Plea

She extenuated the missed citation by pointing to a confusing handbook, asking the board to see the fault as less serious than a deliberate omission.

  1. 52.As used in the text, what does the word "extenuated" most nearly mean?

Beyond Two Points

From two measured points she extrapolated the missing height, extending the straight pattern past the data she actually had.

  1. 53.As used in the text, what does the word "extrapolated" most nearly mean?

Rumor in the Shop

A rumor about canceled overtime fomented unrest in the workshop, stirring up anger that had been quiet at the morning bell.

  1. 54.As used in the text, what does the word "fomented" most nearly mean?

Data Sent Early

She forestalled the quarrel by sending the spreadsheet the night before, so the objection she had expected never arose.

  1. 55.As used in the text, what does the word "forestalled" most nearly mean?

A Flat Contradiction

The reviewer gainsaid the abstract, flatly contradicting its claim that the sample had been chosen at random.

  1. 56.As used in the text, what does the word "gainsaid" most nearly mean?

A Vote That Afternoon

The leaked memo galvanized the committee, stirring members into a vote that same afternoon after weeks of delay.

  1. 57.As used in the text, what does the word "galvanized" most nearly mean?

Names in the Margins

From faded marginal notes she gleaned three catalog numbers, gathering them bit by bit rather than finding them in any index.

  1. 58.As used in the text, what does the word "gleaned" most nearly mean?

Crates in the Aisle

Extra crates encumbered the aisle of the map room, weighing the passage down so a cart could not get through.

  1. 59.As used in the text, what does the word "encumbered" most nearly mean?

A Challenge to Memory

Counsel impugned the witness's memory of the date, attacking it as unreliable instead of accepting the story as told.

  1. 60.As used in the text, what does the word "impugned" most nearly mean?

Cause of the Delay

The report imputed the delay to a late shipment, naming that shipment as the cause rather than the clerks who had waited at the dock.

  1. 61.As used in the text, what does the word "imputed" most nearly mean?

Used to the Cold

Years of night shifts had inured the technician to the cold room, so the chill that bothered newcomers no longer troubled her.

  1. 62.As used in the text, what does the word "inured" most nearly mean?

Maps Side by Side

The slide juxtaposed the 1920 street map and the new survey, setting them side by side so every shifted block was easy to see.

  1. 63.As used in the text, what does the word "juxtaposed" most nearly mean?

A Comic Sketch

The student paper lampooned the new dress code, ridiculing it in a comic sketch rather than in a straight editorial.

  1. 64.As used in the text, what does the word "lampooned" most nearly mean?

The Visiting Printer

The workshop lionized the visiting printer, treating her as a celebrated guest and saving her the best seat at the bench.

  1. 65.As used in the text, what does the word "lionized" most nearly mean?

Anger Softened

A sincere apology mollified the critic, and the anger that had sharpened her voice was gone before the panel resumed.

  1. 66.As used in the text, what does the word "mollified" most nearly mean?

Footnote Not Needed

A clear diagram obviated the long footnote, because the figure already made that extra explanation unnecessary.

  1. 67.As used in the text, what does the word "obviated" most nearly mean?

Between Two and Nine

For an hour the gauge oscillated between 2 and 9, swinging from one reading to the other and never settling.

  1. 68.As used in the text, what does the word "oscillated" most nearly mean?

Shut Out of Lunch

After the quarrel, the circle ostracized him, shutting him out of the noon table and every shared errand.

  1. 69.As used in the text, what does the word "ostracized" most nearly mean?

Ease Without a Cure

The apology palliated the insult, easing the sting for the afternoon without taking the remark back or repairing the harm.

  1. 70.As used in the text, what does the word "palliated" most nearly mean?

A Question Turned Aside

She parried the hostile question, turning it aside by asking the speaker to define the term before she would answer.

  1. 71.As used in the text, what does the word "parried" most nearly mean?

A Rule Announced

On Friday the council promulgated the citation rule, officially announcing it to the whole faculty rather than leaving it in a draft folder.

  1. 72.As used in the text, what does the word "promulgated" most nearly mean?

Resignations That Hour

One sharp question precipitated the resignations, causing three members to quit in the same hour after months of mere grumbling.

  1. 73.As used in the text, what does the word "precipitated" most nearly mean?

No Claim of Surprise

A signed waiver precluded any later claim of surprise, making such a claim impossible once the signature was on the page.

  1. 74.As used in the text, what does the word "precluded" most nearly mean?

Clouds Before Rain

Dark clouds presaged the downpour that soaked the field site an hour later, giving a visible sign of weather that then arrived.

  1. 75.As used in the text, what does the word "presaged" most nearly mean?

A Vague Range

Asked for the exact count, he prevaricated, offering a vague range instead of the figure written in the ledger.

  1. 76.As used in the text, what does the word "prevaricated" most nearly mean?

Experiments on Every Bench

After the grant, side experiments proliferated, multiplying until nearly every bench carried a project that had not existed in the spring.

  1. 77.As used in the text, what does the word "proliferated" most nearly mean?

Winning Back Goodwill

The revised credit line placated the offended photographer, restoring the goodwill that the missing name had cost the committee.

  1. 78.As used in the text, what does the word "placated" most nearly mean?

A Forbidden Solvent

The studio handbook proscribed that solvent, officially forbidding its use and naming a milder substitute.

  1. 79.As used in the text, what does the word "proscribed" most nearly mean?

A Rumor Put Down

The editor quashed the rumor of a canceled issue, suppressing it with a short notice before the story could reach the evening list.

  1. 80.As used in the text, what does the word "quashed" most nearly mean?

A Theory Withdrawn

After the new cores were dated, she recanted the earlier theory, publicly withdrawing a claim she had defended for years.

  1. 81.As used in the text, what does the word "recanted" most nearly mean?

Four Closing Sentences

Before questions, he recapitulated the argument in four sentences, briefly restating the path the seminar had just walked.

  1. 82.As used in the text, what does the word "recapitulated" most nearly mean?

Moved to an Appendix

The editor relegated the long table to an appendix, shifting it to a lower, less prominent place in the book.

  1. 83.As used in the text, what does the word "relegated" most nearly mean?

A Promise Undone

By afternoon he reneged on the equipment swap, going back on a promise he had made to the other lab that morning.

  1. 84.As used in the text, what does the word "reneged" most nearly mean?

An Order Canceled

The dean rescinded the parking order the same afternoon, officially canceling a directive that had gone out at dawn.

  1. 85.As used in the text, what does the word "rescinded" most nearly mean?

A Missing Key

A missing key stymied the inventory, blocking any progress until someone could open the cabinet.

  1. 86.As used in the text, what does the word "stymied" most nearly mean?

Receipt and Witness

She substantiated the purchase date with a dated receipt and a colleague's note, supplying evidence for a claim that had been only a memory.

  1. 87.As used in the text, what does the word "substantiated" most nearly mean?

Under One Argument

The new chapter subsumed three earlier notes, bringing those separate remarks under a single larger argument.

  1. 88.As used in the text, what does the word "subsumed" most nearly mean?

The New Index

The searchable index supplanted the old card file, taking its place at the reference desk where the drawers had stood.

  1. 89.As used in the text, what does the word "supplanted" most nearly mean?

Another Week Requested

Pressed for a yes or no, the envoy temporized, asking for another week so he would not have to decide that day.

  1. 90.As used in the text, what does the word "temporized" most nearly mean?

A Spoiled Quiz

One leaked answer vitiated the quiz, spoiling it so the scores no longer showed what the questions had been written to measure.

  1. 91.As used in the text, what does the word "vitiated" most nearly mean?

An Oath Set Aside

At the guild ceremony he abjured the old oath, solemnly renouncing it before witnesses rather than quietly forgetting it.

  1. 92.As used in the text, what does the word "abjured" most nearly mean?

After a Long Pause

After a long pause she acceded to the request for the spare bench, agreeing to lend it for the semester.

  1. 93.As used in the text, what does the word "acceded" most nearly mean?

The 1912 Ledger

He adduced the 1912 ledger as proof of the sale, citing that book as evidence rather than merely mentioning the year.

  1. 94.As used in the text, what does the word "adduced" most nearly mean?

A Larger Role

The preface aggrandized the author's part in the dig, making his contribution sound larger than the field notes recorded.

  1. 95.As used in the text, what does the word "aggrandized" most nearly mean?

Set Apart

The rare-book room sequestered the atlas, setting it apart from volumes that patrons were allowed to borrow.

  1. 96.As used in the text, what does the word "sequestered" most nearly mean?

A Void Election

The board annulled the club election, declaring the result legally void after the tellers found the ballots had been miscounted.

  1. 97.As used in the text, what does the word "annulled" most nearly mean?

Stone Before Roof

The foundation antedated the roof by two centuries, and the stone course was already old when the new roof was added.

  1. 98.As used in the text, what does the word "antedated" most nearly mean?

Hours Divided

The chair apportioned the instrument hours, dividing the week among the three labs according to a written share.

  1. 99.As used in the text, what does the word "apportioned" most nearly mean?

A Room Dispute

The dean arbitrated the room dispute, hearing both labs and then settling the quarrel by assigning hours to each.

  1. 100.As used in the text, what does the word "arbitrated" most nearly mean?

Notation in the Manual

The new notation was assimilated into the lab manual, absorbed so thoroughly that it read as part of the older style.

  1. 101.As used in the text, what does the word "assimilated" most nearly mean?

Lines Cut Out

The school edition bowdlerized the comedy, cutting speeches the editors thought too coarse and leaving the plot otherwise intact.

  1. 102.As used in the text, what does the word "bowdlerized" most nearly mean?

A False Charge

The pamphlet calumniated the curator, spreading the false claim that she had never trained in conservation.

  1. 103.As used in the text, what does the word "calumniated" most nearly mean?

After the Third Count

After the third recount, the minority capitulated, giving up the contest and accepting the tally it had fought all week.

  1. 104.As used in the text, what does the word "capitulated" most nearly mean?

A Public Scolding

The chair castigated the sloppy citations, scolding the author severely in front of the whole seminar.

  1. 105.As used in the text, what does the word "castigated" most nearly mean?

The Corner Office

The department ceded the corner office, giving it up so the visiting archive could use the room for the year.

  1. 106.As used in the text, what does the word "ceded" most nearly mean?

A Humbler Plan

The failed trial chastened the team, humbling a confidence that had been breezy and making the next plan more cautious.

  1. 107.As used in the text, what does the word "chastened" most nearly mean?

Three Copies Compared

She collated the three manuscript copies, comparing them line by line and recording each variant in a separate column.

  1. 108.As used in the text, what does the word "collated" most nearly mean?