Ohio's State Tests Science Grade 8

1.White-tailed deer in Hocking Hills are born with inherited differences in winter-coat thickness. After many cold years, thick-coated deer are more often the parents of the next fawns. Which statement explains that shift?

2.In January, slabs of ice rest on Lake Erie while liquid water stays underneath. Why does that ice remain at the surface?

3.A square garden in Dayton has sides of 5 meters. The class changes each side to 10 meters. How does the area change?

4.Earth is closest to the Sun in January, but January is still winter in Columbus. Why is that month winter in Ohio?

5.Over about a month, people in Toledo see the Moon change from a thin crescent to full and then toward a crescent again. What causes those monthly phases?

6.At a campsite in Mohican State Park, wood burns in a fire ring while a student folds paper into a crane. Which comparison of the two changes is accurate?

7.Sunlight reaches a park in Cleveland after crossing space. A drumbeat in a nearby gym is heard where air can carry it. Which comparison of sound and light is accurate?

8.Along one plate boundary, the plates shift 2 centimeters a year. How far do they shift in 30 years?

9.A human body cell has 46 chromosomes. A student in Akron asks how many chromosomes are in a human gamete. Which answer is accurate?

10.A student compares a cell from an Ohio buckeye leaf with a cell from a cardinal's flight muscle. Which comparison is accurate?

11.On a clear day in Columbus, a flagpole casts its shortest shadow when the Sun is highest. Which way does that noon shadow point?

12.A skin cell with 46 chromosomes divides by mitosis while a scrape heals on a student in Findlay. What is true of each new cell?

13.Before fertilization, a human cell in a lesson at a school in Marion forms gametes. Why is meiosis needed for that step?

14.A cheek cell from a student in Lancaster has a nucleus packed with chromosomes. Which statement correctly links a gene, DNA, and a chromosome?

15.In a garden-bean model used in Hancock County, G stands for green pods and is dominant to g for yellow pods. A plant has the alleles Gg. What is its genotype and pod color?

16.In a garden-bean model used in Bellevue, G for green pods is dominant to g for yellow pods. Two plants with genotype Gg are crossed. What fraction of the offspring is expected to have yellow pods?

17.In a garden-bean model, G for green pods is dominant to g for yellow pods. A plant grown in Bellevue has the allele pair gg. Which description matches that plant?

18.A cyclist in Zanesville breaks an arm, and the bone heals with a small lump. If that cyclist later has a child, what is inherited from the break?

19.A soil bacterium near a soybean field in Darke County divides into two cells. Which statement describes that event?

20.Two northern cardinals nest in a maple in Oxford, and their chicks hatch. How does this reproduction affect the chicks' genes?

21.A DNA change occurs in a gamete of a box turtle studied by a class near Killdeer Plains. A different DNA change occurs in a skin cell of that turtle. Which change can reach offspring?

22.Limestone near Cincinnati holds brachiopod fossils from a shallow sea about 450 million years ago. What do those fossils show?

23.An undisturbed stack of sedimentary layers is exposed in a bluff along the Ohio River near Marietta. Which layer was deposited first?

24.Trilobite fossils appear in old Ohio rock, and no trilobites are alive today. Which term describes the whole group?

25.Dark and light moths live on tree trunks in Wayne National Forest. Over many generations the inherited color that hides them better becomes more common. What is changing?

26.A heron near Magee Marsh has an inherited bill shape that helps it catch fish. It also learns one path through a neighborhood. Which statement uses the word adaptation correctly?

27.A river splits one squirrel population in southern Ohio. The separated groups change for a very long time until they no longer interbreed. What can that long change produce?

28.At the San Andreas Fault, two plates grind sideways. A class in Steubenville compares that boundary with Ohio, which is far from it. What happens at the sideways boundary?

29.A farmer near Wapakoneta saves seeds only from corn plants that inherited larger ears, then plants those seeds the next year. What kind of selection is this?

30.A class in Delaware, Ohio, looks at leaves, pond water, and cheek cells. Which statement matches cell theory?

31.Students compare a bacterium from garden soil in Greenville with a cell from a sugar-maple leaf. Which structural contrast is accurate?

32.A buckeye leaf cell and a cardinal muscle cell both need a usable supply of energy. Which structure releases that energy from food in both cells?

33.A cell from an elm leaf in Wooster takes in needed materials and keeps other materials out. Which structure controls that passage?

34.Most of the DNA in a salamander cell from a vernal pool near Logan is stored in one organelle. Which organelle is that?

35.A cell in a milkweed plant near Cedar Bog builds proteins that the plant uses. Which structure assembles those proteins?

36.On a dry afternoon in Adams County, a buckeye leaf cell still looks firm. Which structure stores water and helps that firmness?

37.A model of the heart in a classroom in Tiffin shows many muscle cells pulling together as one sheet. What is that sheet of cells?

38.A buckeye leaf in a yard in Piqua has an outer covering, food-making cells, and veins. What level of organization is the whole leaf?

39.A white oak in Shawnee State Forest makes food in its leaves on a sunny day. Which word equation describes photosynthesis?

40.A beech tree in the Cuyahoga Valley releases energy from food during the day and at night. Which word equation describes cellular respiration?

41.Cattails grow in the marsh at Magee Marsh, and a muskrat eats parts of them. Which organism is a producer, and why?

42.Shelf fungi grow on a dead log in Shawnee State Forest and soften the wood over time. What role do those fungi play?

43.In a field near Circleville, clover holds about 10,000 kilojoules. Rabbits eat the clover, and foxes eat the rabbits. About 10 percent of the energy passes to each next level. About how much energy reaches the foxes?

44.In Lake Erie, algae are eaten by a minnow, and the minnow is eaten by a smallmouth bass. Which statement traces the energy?

45.A walleye swims in Lake Erie while the water temperature changes with the weather. Which sorting of those factors is accurate?

46.A maple along the Olentangy River takes in carbon dioxide while its leaves make food. Which path can return carbon dioxide to the air?

47.A book rests on the seat of a car in Dayton. The driver brakes, and the book slides forward on the seat. Why does the book slide forward?

48.A net force of 12 newtons east acts on a 3-kilogram wagon in a driveway in Lancaster. What is the wagon's acceleration?

49.A skater at a rink in Cleveland pushes on the boards. The skater moves away from the boards. Which force pair explains the motion?

50.A canoe on a calm stretch of the Muskingum River moves in a straight line at a constant speed. What is the net force on the canoe?

51.A student in Lima shoves a crate across a gym floor. After the shove ends, the crate slows and stops. Why does it stop?

52.A cart of library books in Wapakoneta has a mass of 40 kilograms on Earth. If that same cart were on the Moon, which statement would be true?

53.A bag of apples in Newark has a mass of 5 kilograms. Using 10 newtons per kilogram for Earth's gravity, what is the bag's weight?

54.A bus going from Xenia toward Wilmington travels 24 kilometers in 2 hours. What is its average speed?

55.Two boats on the Maumee River each travel at 6 kilometers per hour. One goes upstream and the other goes downstream. How do their speed and velocity compare?

56.On a straight part of the highway near Delaware, one car speeds up from 10 meters per second to 20 meters per second. A second car stays at 20 meters per second in a straight line. Which car has zero acceleration?

57.An acorn falls from an oak in Wayne National Forest. Gravity acts on it before it touches the ground. What kind of force is that pull?

58.A magnet in a classroom in Kent pulls a steel paper clip across a small gap. The same magnet does not pull a wooden pencil. What does the clip's motion show?

59.Two softballs in a park in Hamilton have the same mass. One moves at 2 meters per second, and the other moves at 4 meters per second. How do their kinetic energies compare?

60.The same rock sits on a high ledge at Cantwell Cliffs and later rests on the trail below. Its mass does not change. Where is its gravitational potential energy greater?

61.A 2-kilogram rock is held 3 meters above the trail at Ash Cave. Using 10 newtons per kilogram, what is its gravitational potential energy?

62.A 4-kilogram wagon rolls at 3 meters per second on a path in John Bryan State Park. What is its kinetic energy?

63.An archer in Springfield pulls back a bowstring and then releases it. The arrow flies forward. Which energy change happens?

64.A cup of cider at 80 degrees Celsius sits next to a large tank of water at 30 degrees Celsius in a greenhouse in Mansfield. Which statement about thermal energy is accurate?

65.A metal spoon sits in hot soup in a kitchen in Canton, and the handle warms. How does energy reach the handle?

66.A heater warms a classroom in Bowling Green. Warm air rises, and cooler air moves in to take its place. What is that transfer called?

67.Sunlight crosses space and warms a bench in a park in Cincinnati. Which transfer does not need a material between the Sun and the bench?

68.On a January day in Ashtabula, a warm hand grips a cold metal railing. Which way does thermal energy move?

69.A flashlight in a tent at Salt Fork State Park is switched on. Which energy chain occurs?

70.A thunderclap over Sandusky travels through the air to people on the shore. How do the air particles move as that sound passes?

71.A student in Fairborn shakes one end of a rope up and down. The wave travels along the rope toward a friend. What kind of wave is on the rope?

72.At a concert in Dayton, a flute plays a higher note than a tuba. What is different about the higher note?

73.A trumpet player in Youngstown plays the same note twice. The second time is louder, but the pitch does not change. What changed in the sound wave?

74.A water wave in a tank in a classroom in Athens has a frequency of 5 hertz and a wavelength of 2 meters. What is the wave speed?

75.A hiker shouts toward the rock wall at Conkles Hollow, and the shout returns a moment later. What happened to the sound?

76.A pencil standing in a glass of water in Chillicothe looks bent at the waterline, but the pencil is straight. Why does it look bent?

77.A class in Alliance orders parts of the electromagnetic spectrum by frequency. Which list goes from lower frequency to higher frequency?

78.A rainbow appears over Cuyahoga Valley. How do red light and violet light in that bow compare?

79.Two balloons hang from a shelf in Troy. Both carry the same kind of electric charge, and they push apart. What does that motion show?

80.A neutral nitrogen atom in the air over Toledo has 7 protons. What is its atomic number, and why?

81.A class in Cambridge compares carbon-12 and carbon-14. Both have 6 protons. How many neutrons are in carbon-14, and what does that show?

82.Sodium chloride is spread on an icy sidewalk in Parma. How is that salt classified?

83.At a picnic in Hueston Woods, a bowl holds peanuts, pretzels, and dried fruit. The pieces can be picked apart. What kind of matter is the bowlful?

84.A rock sample at Marblehead has a mass of 48 grams and a volume of 16 cubic centimeters. What is its density?

85.A solid pebble with a density of 3 grams per cubic centimeter is placed in lake water at Port Clinton. The water's density is about 1 gram per cubic centimeter. What happens to the pebble?

86.Students in Reynoldsburg compare a brick, apple juice in a bottle, and helium in a sealed tank. Which description fits the apple juice?

87.Ice from a pond in Geauga County is at 0 degrees Celsius and is melting in an open container at standard pressure. What happens to the temperature of the ice-water mixture while ice remains?

88.A sealed jar in Oberlin contains vinegar and baking soda. They react and a gas forms, but the lid stays closed. How does the jar's mass compare with the starting mass?

89.An iron nail left in a damp shed in Portsmouth develops a reddish coating. What kind of change is that rusting?

90.A class in Salem checks the equation 2 H2 + O2 produces 2 H2O. Is the equation balanced?

91.A reference chart in East Liverpool places sodium and potassium in the same column of the periodic table. What does that shared column tell a reader?

92.Copper is used for the electrical wiring in a house in Hilliard. Which property makes copper a strong choice for those wires?

93.Water leaves Lake Erie, forms clouds, and later falls as rain near Sandusky. Which sequence names those changes in order?

94.Black Hand sandstone forms the cliffs at Old Man's Cave. The rock is made of sand grains stuck together. How is that rock classified?

95.The Sun appears to rise over Lake Erie at Geneva and set later that day. What motion of Earth causes that day-night pattern?

96.Earth's trip around the Sun takes about 365.25 days. Why does the calendar add a leap day about every four years?

97.Around June 21, daylight in Ohio lasts longer than it does in December. What is that June date called, and why is the day long?

98.Around March 21 and again around September 22, day and night in Ohio are about equal. What are those dates called?

99.During a full moon over the Ohio River at Pomeroy, the Moon darkens for a while as it passes through a shadow. What event is that?

100.On a day when the Moon's shadow crossed Ohio, people in that shadow saw the Sun blocked for a short time. What event was that?

101.Students in Port Clinton study ocean tides, which are much larger than Lake Erie's small astronomical tide. What mainly causes ocean tides?

102.Earth keeps moving around the Sun instead of flying off in a straight line. Which force holds Earth in that orbit?

103.Glacial ice scraped deep grooves into the limestone on Kelleys Island and carried rock away. Nearby, freezing water cracks a cliff without moving the pieces. Which terms fit?

104.Seismic records show that S waves stop at Earth's outer core while P waves pass through it. What does that difference indicate?

105.A diagram in a classroom in Coshocton shows Earth's interior from the surface toward the center. Which order is accurate?

106.Ohio has no mid-ocean ridge and no active volcanic mountain chain. Where does Ohio sit in Earth's crust?

107.At the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, neighboring plates move apart. What forms along that kind of boundary?

108.An oceanic plate meets a continental plate and the oceanic plate is denser. What can happen at that convergent boundary?