Ohio's State Tests Biology

1.A class compares a leaf cell from an Ohio buckeye along the Olentangy River with a muscle cell from a northern cardinal. Which comparison is accurate?

2.A mayfly nymph lives among stones in the Little Miami River. What is the main job of the cell membrane in one of its cells?

3.A skin cell from a student in Kent keeps its genetic material inside a membrane-bound compartment. What is that compartment?

4.A cell in a milkweed leaf at Magee Marsh is building a protein from amino acids. Which structure does that assembly?

5.A leaf cell of a tulip tree in Hueston Woods has a large water-filled sac that helps the cell stay firm. What is that sac?

6.How does a bacterium living in the mud of Old Woman Creek compare with a cell from a white oak leaf?

7.New cells show up in the growing root of a red oak seedling in Shawnee State Forest. Which statement matches cell theory?

8.A cucumber slice sitting in a strong salt solution loses water and goes limp. Which process moves that water out of the cells?

9.Dissolved oxygen moves from the water of Lake Erie into gill cells of a yellow perch, from a place of higher concentration toward a place of lower concentration. What is that movement?

10.Root cells of a sycamore along the Scioto River take in mineral ions that are scarcer in the soil water than inside the cells. The cells use ATP to do this. What kind of transport is it?

11.On a warm trail in Hocking Hills, a hiker sweats, and the sweat cools the skin so body temperature falls back toward its usual range. What kind of control is that?

12.A white-tailed deer in Mohican State Forest has cardiac muscle cells, cardiac muscle tissue, a heart, and a circulatory system. Which list goes from smallest to largest?

13.A signal travels from the eye of a barred owl in Cuyahoga Valley toward the owl's brain. Which cell carries that signal?

14.A raccoon along Paint Creek digests a meal. Where are most of the digested nutrients absorbed into the blood?

15.A cross-country runner in Athens needs oxygen delivered to leg muscles. Which part of the blood mainly carries that oxygen?

16.A stem cell of a pawpaw growing in Clifton Gorge has a rigid layer outside its cell membrane. What is that layer, and what does it do?

17.A gray fox in Wayne National Forest wears its claws shorter by digging. A hiker says the pups will inherit those worn claws. Which account fits natural selection?

18.A chestnut oak on a ridge in Shawnee State Forest is making sugar in its leaves. Where do the released oxygen and the carbon in the sugar come from?

19.A fern in Conkles Hollow builds sugar while light falls on its fronds. Which organelle does that work?

20.Cattails in a marsh at Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge make food on a sunny day. Which statement describes photosynthesis?

21.A beech leaf near Chagrin Falls looks green and captures light for photosynthesis. What is the role of chlorophyll in that leaf?

22.Tiny openings on the underside of a cottonwood leaf at Maumee Bay let gases move between the leaf and the air. What are those openings?

23.A living leaf cell of an American elm in Marietta can make sugar in the light. What else does that living cell do?

24.A runner on a trail at Highbanks Metro Park is using aerobic respiration in leg-muscle cells. Where is most of the usable energy from that process released?

25.Muscle cells of a smallmouth bass in the Little Miami River need a molecule that can power cell work. Which molecule is the main short-term energy carrier?

26.During a short sprint at a track in Findlay, leg muscles get less oxygen than aerobic respiration would use. How does the usable energy from fermentation compare with aerobic respiration?

27.After a hard climb near Old Man's Cave, a hiker's leg muscles have been working faster than the blood can supply oxygen. Which product can those human muscle cells make?

28.Root cells of a hemlock in Mohican State Forest break down sugar with oxygen. Which statement describes that cellular respiration?

29.Spicebush grows in deep shade under a beech canopy at Glen Helen. On a dim afternoon, which factor is most likely to limit photosynthesis in those leaves?

30.Water taken up by the roots of a black walnut along Big Darby Creek moves up the trunk toward the leaves. Which tissue carries that water?

31.A shagbark hickory in Tar Hollow State Forest moves sugar from its leaves to growing roots. Which tissue carries that sugar?

32.A buttonbush leaf at Killbuck Marsh opens and closes the pore that lets gases through. Which cells change shape to do that?

33.On a dry afternoon in Dayton, water vapor leaves the leaves of a silver maple. What is that loss of water vapor called?

34.In a health class in Toledo, students compare a typical human skin cell with a human gamete. Which chromosome counts are right?

35.A biology class in Bowling Green looks at base pairing in a human DNA molecule. Which pairing is correct?

36.Coat color in a fox squirrel in a Cincinnati park depends on inherited instructions. What is a gene?

37.A hiker at Ash Cave scrapes a knuckle, and new skin cells replace the damaged ones. What does mitosis do in those cells?

38.White-tailed deer near Chillicothe produce gametes. What does meiosis do to the chromosome number?

39.During meiosis in a lake sturgeon from Lake Erie, paired chromosomes exchange pieces. What is the result of that exchange?

40.In a school garden in Newark, purple flower color in a line of beans is controlled by one gene. Purple (P) is completely dominant to white (p). Two heterozygous plants (Pp) are crossed. What fraction of the offspring is expected to have white flowers?

41.A student in Delaware, Ohio, writes the genotype Pp for a bean plant. What does heterozygous mean for that plant?

42.The Newark bean plant has genotype Pp and purple flowers. Which statement names the phenotype?

43.In that same bean line, purple (P) is dominant to white (p). A plant has genotype Pp. Which statement is correct?

44.In a Granville garden, flower color shows incomplete dominance. RR plants are red, WW plants are white, and RW plants are pink. Two pink plants are crossed. Which offspring ratio is expected?

45.At a clinic in Cleveland, a person inherits one A allele and one B allele and has type AB blood. Both A and B markers are present on the red blood cells. What pattern is this?

46.A class in Youngstown studies red-green color vision deficiency, a recessive allele on the X chromosome. Why do more males than females show this trait?

47.Along a trail in John Bryan State Park, a class defines a change in one base of a DNA sequence. What is that change?

48.A mutation arises in one gamete of a white-tailed deer near Zanesville. A different mutation arises in a skin cell of that same deer. Which mutation can be passed to offspring?

49.A cell in a walleye from Lake Erie builds a protein. Which path describes the usual flow of genetic information?

50.In a cell from a student in Oberlin, a gene is copied into mRNA. Where does that transcription happen?

51.After mRNA leaves the nucleus of that Oberlin student's cell, a protein is built. Where does translation happen?

52.A class in Mansfield looks at an mRNA message. What is a codon?

53.A bean plant in a Lancaster garden has genotype Tt. It makes gametes. Which statement is the law of segregation?

54.Flower color and seed shape in a garden plant in Circleville are controlled by genes on different chromosomes. What does independent assortment say?

55.A class in Steubenville reads a pedigree of a made-up family. A square stands for a male, a circle stands for a female, and a filled symbol means the person shows the trait. What is a filled square?

56.Students in Lima arrange a photograph of one person's chromosomes in pairs by size. What is that chart, and what does a typical human body-cell chart show?

57.In a Springfield classroom, B and b both affect the same trait. What is the relationship between B and b?

58.A student in Ashtabula bites a cracker, and amylase in the mouth speeds the breakdown of starch. Which statement describes that enzyme?

59.A plant in a Marysville garden has genotype Aa and is crossed with a plant that is aa. What fraction of the offspring is expected to be aa?

60.A single bacterium in the mud of Old Woman Creek divides into two cells. Which description fits that event?

61.Smallmouth bass in Alum Creek Lake produce offspring from gametes of two parents. How does that sexual reproduction affect genetic variation?

62.A bacterium in the Maumee River divides one cell into two. What is the name of that process?

63.Strawberry plants in a garden in Pataskala send out runners that grow into new plants without seeds. Ignoring new mutations, how do the young plants compare with the parent?

64.During a mayfly hatch on Lake Erie, one adult lives a single day but leaves many eggs that survive. Another adult lives longer and leaves no eggs. Which statement about fitness is correct?

65.A population of cardinals near Wooster shows heritable differences in beak size. Which pair of processes produces heritable variation?

66.A storm leaves only a few land snails in a woods on Kelleys Island. Allele frequencies in the tiny group later differ from the earlier group by chance. What is that change?

67.Cardinals hatched in one woodlot near Wooster move to another woodlot and breed there. What is the movement of their alleles called?

68.A waterfall on the Chagrin River keeps two groups of rainbow darters from meeting. Over a long time they might stop interbreeding even if the barrier disappeared. What can geographic isolation lead to?

69.The front leg of a raccoon along the Stillwater River and a human arm share a similar bone pattern. What kind of structures are they?

70.A dragonfly over Sandusky Bay and a gull both use wings to fly, but the wings did not come from the same ancestral limb. What are the wings?

71.Students in Sandusky examine a whale skeleton model and find small hip bones that do not support walking legs. What are those bones?

72.In undisturbed limestone near Caesar Creek, a brachiopod fossil lies in a lower layer and a different fossil lies in a higher layer. Which fossil is older?

73.A class in Port Clinton compares DNA from a yellow perch, a walleye, and a sugar maple. Which pair should share more similar DNA, and why?

74.A hard season leaves only a few northern bobwhite in a southern Ohio county. By chance, some alleles are absent from the survivors. What is this kind of genetic drift called?

75.A few seeds reach Middle Bass Island and start a plant population. By chance, their allele frequencies differ from the mainland population they came from. What is that difference called?

76.At an aquarium in Cleveland, a student sees a shark and a dolphin with similar streamlined bodies. Sharks and dolphins are not close relatives. What is this pattern?

77.A farmer near Washington Court House breeds the calves of cows that produce more milk and does not breed the others. What kind of selection is that?

78.In a population of bacteria, a few cells already have a heritable difference that lets them survive an antibiotic. Those cells leave more offspring. Which statement fits?

79.People, white oaks, and bacteria use a nearly universal genetic code in which similar codons specify similar amino acids. What does that shared code support?

80.A walkingstick in Tar Hollow has a heritable body shape that makes it look like a twig, so predators often miss it. What is that trait?

81.A bur oak along the Hocking River builds sugars from carbon dioxide and water in the light. What role does the oak play in the food chain?

82.A shelf fungus grows on a dead log in Wayne National Forest and breaks the wood down. What is the fungus in that ecosystem?

83.In a Lake Erie food chain, algae are eaten by mayflies, and mayflies are eaten by yellow perch. About what share of the energy at one level is stored in the bodies at the next level?

84.At Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge, herons, perch, insects, and algae are linked by many feeding paths, not by a single line. What is that set of links?

85.A hemlock in Mohican State Forest takes in carbon dioxide and adds carbon to its wood. Later, respiration and decay occur in the same woods. Which statement describes the carbon cycle?

86.Clover in the Oak Openings has bacteria living in its root nodules. How do those bacteria help the plant?

87.Biologists talk about the largest white-tailed deer population that Cuyahoga Valley can support over time. What is that limit called?

88.A poor acorn crop in Mohican State Forest leaves deer with less winter food, and fewer fawns survive. What is the scarce food in this case?

89.A bee visits goldenrod at Cedar Bog, drinks nectar, and carries pollen to another goldenrod. What kind of relationship is this?

90.A tick on a deer in Shawnee State Forest feeds on the deer's blood, and the deer is harmed. What is the tick?

91.A Carolina wren nests in a cavity of a sycamore along the Great Miami River. The bird gains a nest site, and the tree is neither helped nor harmed. What is the relationship?

92.Lichens begin growing on bare sandstone with no soil after a rock face is exposed at Hocking Hills. What kind of community change is starting?

93.Farming stops on an old field at Battelle Darby Creek Metro Park. Soil remains, and grasses, then shrubs, then trees return. What is this change?

94.Beavers along the Grand River build dams that create ponds used by fish, frogs, and waterfowl. Their effect is large compared with their numbers. What term fits the beaver?

95.Zebra mussels spread in Lake Erie, filter large amounts of plankton, and crowd out native mussels. What term describes the zebra mussel in this lake?

96.A wetland at Mentor Marsh holds many kinds of plants, insects, and birds. A concrete ditch nearby holds only one kind of plant. Which place has higher biodiversity?

97.A pollutant that stays stored in fat is scarce in Lake Erie algae, more concentrated in small fish, and still more concentrated in walleye. What is this pattern?

98.Along the Stillwater River, a downy woodpecker hunts insects in tree bark and nests in a hollow sycamore. Which description is the woodpecker's niche?

99.Which factor in the Maumee River is abiotic?

100.A cove at East Harbor State Park has yellow perch, algae, bacteria, water, and mud. Which list is the ecosystem?

101.A beech-maple woods in northeast Ohio stays roughly stable until a major storm opens the canopy. What is that relatively stable community often called?

102.Fertilizer washing into Grand Lake St. Marys can add extra nutrients. Which result can follow?

103.A small rock sample from the bank of the Ohio River at Marietta has a mass of 36 grams and a volume of 12 cubic centimeters. What is its density?

104.A class in Akron learns that Earth is closest to the Sun in January. January in Ohio is still winter. Which statement explains the seasons?

105.A student's heart, studied in a class in Columbus, pumps blood to the whole body through the aorta. Which chamber does that pumping?

106.A cyclist on a path in Oxford breathes faster. Where in the lungs does oxygen enter the blood and carbon dioxide leave the blood?

107.After a large lunch in a diner in Tiffin, a person's blood glucose rises. Which hormone helps bring that glucose down?

108.A hiker drinks from a bottle after a walk at Blackhand Gorge. Which organs filter the blood and help the body get rid of urea and extra water?