Health Education Systems Admission Assessment Biology

1.Which statement is part of the cell theory?

2.A bacterium has DNA in the cytoplasm and no membrane-bound nucleus. Which kind of cell is it?

3.A human cheek cell has a nucleus and mitochondria. Which description fits that cell?

4.Which compartment of a plant cell houses the chromosomes?

5.Which structure inside the nucleus helps assemble ribosomal subunits?

6.Which structures occur in both bacterial cells and human cells and are the sites where proteins are built?

7.A protein that will be secreted is threaded into an organelle to be folded before it is shipped onward. Which organelle receives it from the ribosomes?

8.Liver cells that make lipids and detoxify some drugs are rich in which organelle?

9.A protein leaves the endoplasmic reticulum in a vesicle and is next modified and sorted. Which organelle does that sorting?

10.Which organelle has a double membrane and its own small DNA, and releases usable energy from food in eukaryotes?

11.Which organelle holds hydrolytic enzymes that can digest a worn-out mitochondrion?

12.Which organelle in a leaf cell captures light and uses it to build sugars?

13.A plant cell has a rigid wall made mainly of which carbohydrate?

14.Which large sac in a mature plant cell stores water and helps keep the cell firm?

15.The phosphate heads of membrane phospholipids face watery fluids inside and outside the cell. Those heads are which of these?

16.Which network of protein fibers supports a cell and helps move vesicles inside it?

17.Perfume molecules spread from an open bottle into the still air of a room, moving from where they are crowded toward where they are scarce. What is that movement called?

18.A limp celery stalk becomes crisp after it stands in plain water, because water enters its cells. What is that movement of water across a membrane called?

19.A bathing solution has a higher solute concentration than the fluid inside a cell. What is that solution called, relative to the cell?

20.A plant cell in a strongly hypertonic solution loses water, and its plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall. What is that shrinkage called?

21.An animal cell is placed in pure water, which is hypotonic to its cytoplasm. What is the likely result?

22.A red blood cell is placed in a solution with the same solute concentration as its cytoplasm. What is the net movement of water?

23.Glucose enters a cell through a membrane protein, from high concentration toward low concentration, and that step uses no ATP. What is that transport called?

24.A carrier protein moves a substance from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration and spends ATP to do it. What kind of transport is that?

25.An amoeba surrounds a food particle and encloses it in a vesicle. What is that intake of a large particle called?

26.A vesicle inside a cell fuses with the plasma membrane and empties its contents outside the cell. What is that process called?

27.During which part of the cell cycle does a eukaryotic cell copy its DNA?

28.A skin cell divides to replace a neighbor. Which process produces two nuclei with the same chromosome number as that skin cell?

29.At the start of mitosis, the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Which phase is that?

30.Chromosomes line up along the middle of the spindle during which phase of mitosis?

31.Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles during which phase of mitosis?

32.New nuclear envelopes form around the separated chromosomes near the end of mitosis. Which phase is that?

33.An animal cell pinches inward at the middle to divide its cytoplasm. What is that pinch called?

34.A dividing plant cell builds a new partition that becomes part of the wall between the daughter cells. What is that partition called?

35.By the end of meiosis, how many haploid daughter cells has one starting diploid cell produced?

36.Paired chromosomes exchange matching pieces during prophase I of meiosis. What is that exchange called?

37.During meiosis I, which structures separate from each other?

38.Which division produces gametes that are not genetically identical to the parent cell?

39.A strand of DNA has the base sequence A-T-G-C. What is the complementary DNA strand?

40.Which sugar is part of a DNA nucleotide?

41.A nucleic acid contains ribose and the base uracil. Which nucleic acid is it?

42.Each new DNA double helix made by replication contains one original strand and one newly built strand. What is that pattern called?

43.Which process copies the sequence of a gene into a complementary RNA strand?

44.In a eukaryotic cell, where does transcription of a nuclear gene take place?

45.Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to a growing chain during which process?

46.A stretch of messenger RNA reads AUG-CCC. How many codons is that?

47.Which messenger RNA codon both signals the start of translation and codes for methionine?

48.The three bases on a transfer RNA molecule that pair with a codon are called what?

49.The DNA template strand of a gene begins with T-A-C. What messenger RNA codon is transcribed from those three bases?

50.One DNA base is replaced by a different base, and the rest of the strand is unchanged. What is that change called?

51.Which word equation summarizes photosynthesis?

52.The oxygen gas released by photosynthesis comes from which reactant?

53.The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in which part of the chloroplast?

54.The Calvin cycle builds sugar from carbon dioxide in which part of the chloroplast?

55.Leaves look green because chlorophyll does which of these?

56.Which word equation summarizes aerobic cellular respiration?

57.Which statement about glycolysis is correct?

58.Where does the citric acid cycle occur, and which gas does it release?

59.Which statement about the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration is correct?

60.Fermentation lets glycolysis continue when oxygen is absent. Which substance does fermentation regenerate for that purpose?

61.During hard exercise with too little oxygen, human muscle cells convert pyruvate mainly into which product?

62.Which statement links photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?

63.Which bond links one amino acid to the next in a protein chain?

64.A fried egg white changes from clear and runny to white and solid because its proteins change shape. What is that shape change called?

65.Humans store extra glucose in the liver and muscles mainly as which carbohydrate?

66.Which carbohydrate do plants commonly use to store energy?

67.Fats and oils do not dissolve in water. Which class of macromolecule are they?

68.Why do phospholipids form a bilayer in water?

69.An enzyme speeds a reaction and is not used up. It does so mainly by lowering which barrier?

70.Sucrase acts on sucrose but does not act on a protein. Why is the enzyme limited in that way?

71.Which three parts make up a nucleotide?

72.Humans cannot use cellulose as a food fuel even though it is a chain of glucose. What is the survey-level reason?

73.One glycerol molecule is joined to three long fatty-acid chains. Which lipid has that structure?

74.A fatty acid chain has no carbon-carbon double bonds. How is that fatty acid described?

75.A pea plant has the allele pair Tt and is tall. Which statement uses the terms correctly?

76.An organism has two identical alleles for a gene. What is that condition called?

77.In a trait with complete dominance, which phenotype does a heterozygous individual show?

78.Two parents are both heterozygous, Tt and Tt. What is the expected chance that a child of theirs is tt?

79.In a Tt × Tt cross with complete dominance, what is the expected ratio of dominant phenotype to recessive phenotype?

80.A person inherits alleles for both the A antigen and the B antigen, and both antigens appear on the red blood cells. What pattern is that?

81.A red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produce only pink offspring, and the heterozygote is intermediate. What pattern is that?

82.Why can an X-linked recessive condition appear in a male who inherits only one copy of the allele?

83.How many chromosomes are in a typical human body cell?

84.How many chromosomes are in a human egg or sperm?

85.Different versions of the same gene are called what?

86.Alleles of genes that lie on different chromosomes are distributed into gametes independently of one another. What principle is that?

87.Which rank is broader than kingdom?

88.In the scientific name Homo sapiens, which word is the genus?

89.Which list names the three domains of life?

90.Which description fits a fungus?

91.Which description fits a plant?

92.Which description fits an animal?

93.Which statement about bacteria is correct?

94.Among class, order, family, and species, which rank is the most specific?

95.Which statement about viruses is correct?

96.Which rank is more specific, family or class?

97.A grass plant builds sugars from sunlight. In a food chain, what role does the grass play?

98.Fungi and many bacteria break down dead leaves and return nutrients to the soil. What role is that?

99.Several food chains in one habitat share organisms and cross one another. What is the best simple picture of all those links?

100.Why is less usable energy available at each higher feeding level?

101.Bees collect nectar, and the flowers they visit are pollinated. Both sides benefit. What relationship is that?

102.A tapeworm absorbs nutrients in a host's intestine, and the host is harmed. What relationship is that?

103.In commensalism, how are the two species affected?

104.What is the carrying capacity of an environment for a population?

105.Sunlight, temperature, and soil minerals are which kind of factor in an ecosystem?

106.All the populations of different species living in one pond, not counting the water and minerals, make up a what?

107.Lichens begin to grow on a new lava flow that has no soil. What kind of succession is that?

108.Which process removes carbon dioxide from the air and incorporates that carbon into sugars?