Health Education Systems Admission Assessment Anatomy

1.A model stands upright, faces forward, holds the arms at the sides, and turns the palms forward. What is that reference pose called?

2.On a person who is standing, the nose lies above the mouth. Which directional term describes the nose relative to the mouth?

3.The breastbone lies closer to the midline than either shoulder. Which term describes the breastbone relative to a shoulder?

4.A scrape damages the skin but does not reach the muscle beneath it. Relative to that muscle, the scrape is which of these?

5.Along the arm, the wrist is farther from the shoulder than the elbow is. Which term describes the wrist relative to the elbow?

6.A chart compares the left hand with the right hand. Which term means on the opposite side of the body?

7.The shoulder blades lie on the back of the trunk. Which term names that back surface?

8.A vertical cut through the midline makes equal left and right halves. Which plane is that?

9.A slice separates the body into a front portion and a back portion. Which plane is used?

10.A horizontal scan divides the abdomen into an upper part and a lower part. Which plane is that?

11.A vertical cut is parallel to the midline but off to one side, so the left and right pieces are unequal. Which plane is that?

12.A cut runs at a slant, between a horizontal plane and a vertical plane. What is that cut called?

13.Which cavity houses the brain?

14.Which cavity houses the spinal cord?

15.Which muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

16.The serous layer that covers the outer surface of a lung is which membrane?

17.Which two spaces together make up the dorsal body cavity?

18.Which membrane lines the wall of the abdominal cavity?

19.The stomach contains lining, muscle, and nerve tissue working as one structure. Which level of organization is the stomach?

20.Which description best fits a tissue?

21.Body temperature and blood glucose stay within a workable range even as the outside world changes. What is that steady internal condition called?

22.After a meal, blood glucose rises, insulin is released, and glucose then moves back toward its earlier range. Which control pattern is that?

23.Which list names the four basic tissue types?

24.A thin, flat epithelium lines the air sacs of the lungs, where gases cross quickly. Which epithelium is suited to that job?

25.The outer part of the skin must resist scraping. Which epithelium is built in many layers for that protection?

26.A tendon must pull in one direction and is packed with parallel collagen fibers. Which tissue is that?

27.Which connective tissue stores fat, cushions organs, and helps insulate the body?

28.Which tissue has a fluid matrix called plasma and carries cells through vessels?

29.Which muscle tissue is striped, branches, and joins at intercalated discs?

30.Which cells are specialized to carry electrical signals in the nervous system?

31.A slide of thin skin shows a surface layer of stratified squamous epithelium with no blood vessels of its own. Which layer is that?

32.Melanocytes, the cells that make melanin, sit mainly in which layer of the epidermis?

33.A cut begins to bleed only after it passes the epidermis. Which layer, directly deep to the epidermis, contains those vessels?

34.Which sweat glands are widespread in the skin and produce a watery secretion used mainly for cooling?

35.Which glands usually empty an oily secretion into hair follicles?

36.Which protein in the outer epidermal cells makes the skin tough and helps it resist water loss?

37.Which layer, deep to the dermis, is rich in fat and is not part of the skin proper?

38.Which of these is a function of bone?

39.Which bone is part of the axial skeleton?

40.During remodeling, which cells release acid and enzymes that dissolve bone matrix?

41.The concentric-ring unit of compact bone, built around a central canal, is called what?

42.In a growing child, which cartilage region lets a long bone lengthen?

43.The humerus and ulna meet at a joint that opens and closes mainly in one plane. Which type of synovial joint is that elbow motion?

44.How many vertebrae are in the cervical region of a typical adult?

45.In a typical adult, which tissue is the main site of new blood-cell formation?

46.A strain injures the cord that joins the calf muscle to the heel bone. What kind of structure is that cord?

47.Inside a skeletal-muscle fiber, calcium allows myosin heads to bind which thin filament?

48.Which chemical carries the signal from a motor neuron to a skeletal-muscle fiber?

49.The attachment of a muscle on the bone that moves more during a contraction is called the what?

50.When the biceps brachii flexes the elbow, which role does the triceps brachii play in that same action?

51.Which muscle forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and does most of the work of a quiet breath in?

52.Which muscle tissue has no stripes and forms part of the wall of the small intestine?

53.A lesson says the spinal cord belongs to the central nervous system. Which other organ belongs to that same system?

54.Which neurons carry commands from the central nervous system out to skeletal muscles?

55.Which autonomic division is most active while a person rests after a meal and digests food?

56.In a nerve of the arm, which cells wrap many axons in myelin?

57.Which brainstem region contains vital centers that help control heart rate and breathing?

58.The primary motor cortex, which sends commands for many voluntary movements, is in which cerebral lobe?

59.From the skull inward, which meningeal layer is reached first?

60.A knee-jerk stretch reflex can occur without a conscious decision to kick. Where is that reflex integrated?

61.Which cells in the pancreatic islets release insulin?

62.Glucagon mainly tells the liver to break down which stored carbohydrate and release glucose?

63.Which element is required for the thyroid gland to make thyroxine and triiodothyronine?

64.Parathyroid hormone raises the blood level of which ion?

65.Antidiuretic hormone is released into the blood from which structure?

66.Which gland sits on top of each kidney and has a medulla that releases epinephrine?

67.Cortisol is secreted by which part of the adrenal gland?

68.Which heart chamber has the thickest muscular wall?

69.Blood returning from the body in the venae cavae enters which heart chamber first?

70.Which vessels carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs?

71.Which valve keeps blood from flowing backward from the left ventricle into the left atrium?

72.After the sinoatrial node fires, where does the impulse normally travel next?

73.In ordinary usage, what name is given to vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

74.Many veins in the limbs contain folds that keep blood moving toward the heart. What are those folds called?

75.Which feature is typical of a mature human red blood cell?

76.Which lymphatic organ filters blood and removes worn-out red blood cells?

77.T lymphocytes mature in which organ, which is relatively large in childhood?

78.Lymphatic vessels collect excess fluid from between cells and return it to the blood. What is that fluid called while it is still between the cells?

79.Which duct drains lymph from both lower limbs and from the left side of the upper body?

80.Which structures are patches of lymphoid tissue near the entrance to the throat?

81.What helps move lymph through lymphatic vessels?

82.The thin walls where air in the lungs meets capillary blood are built mainly of which epithelium?

83.Which airway, just below the larynx, is held open by C-shaped cartilage rings?

84.How many lobes does the right lung usually have?

85.As the chest cavity enlarges during a quiet breath in, what happens to the air pressure inside the lungs just before air flows in?

86.Some alveolar cells release a substance that lowers surface tension so the air sacs inflate more easily. What is that substance?

87.Gas exchange between blood in systemic capillaries and nearby body cells is called what?

88.In what form is most carbon dioxide carried in the blood?

89.Which sphincter regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum?

90.Bile breaks large fat droplets into many smaller droplets. What is that action called?

91.Which enzyme in saliva begins the chemical digestion of starch?

92.Which organ secretes hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen for protein digestion?

93.Fingerlike villi greatly increase the surface available for absorption in which organ?

94.Bacteria in the large intestine make a vitamin used in blood clotting. Which vitamin is that?

95.Which organ releases digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the duodenum?

96.Chyme leaving the stomach enters which section of the small intestine first?

97.In the nephron, which process returns useful water and solutes from the filtrate to the blood?

98.Which organ stores urine until it is released from the body?

99.Filtrate from the glomerulus first enters which cup-shaped structure?

100.When blood oxygen is low, the kidneys release a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Which hormone is that?

101.In a healthy nephron, which substance is normally reabsorbed so completely that little or none remains in the urine?

102.Besides balancing water and salts, the kidneys help regulate which property of the blood?

103.Sperm finish maturing and are stored in which coiled tube along the back of each testis?

104.A sharp rise in which pituitary hormone triggers ovulation?

105.A blastocyst normally implants in the lining of which organ?

106.Which glands add a fructose-rich fluid that helps nourish sperm?

107.After ovulation, the leftover follicle becomes a structure that secretes progesterone. What is that structure?

108.Why are the testes held in the scrotum rather than inside the abdominal cavity?