New York State Regents Examination Physical Setting/Chemistry

1.A chalkboard in a Rochester classroom shows 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O. Which statement about the atoms in that equation is correct?

2.A class in Ithaca is finding the molar mass of water, H2O. Use 1 for hydrogen and 16 for oxygen. What is the molar mass?

3.A small metal cube on a lab table in Queens has a mass of 36 grams and a volume of 12 cubic centimeters. What is its density?

4.Three colorless solutions in an Albany classroom are labeled only by pH: 3, 7, and 11. Which description matches those values?

5.A model of a neutral atom in a Bronx classroom is labeled with atomic number 11. How many protons and electrons does that atom have?

6.Carbon's atomic number is 6. A lesson in Buffalo asks about one atom of carbon-14. How many protons and neutrons does that atom have?

7.A data table from a Syracuse lab lists the whole number 4500. Which form is 4500 written in scientific notation?

8.In a sealed jar in a Brooklyn classroom, two substances react and a gas forms. The jar stays closed. What happens to the total mass inside the jar?

9.On a periodic table in a Manhattan classroom, which description fits the noble gases?

10.Sodium and potassium sit in the same column of a classroom periodic table in Harlem. Which description fits those alkali metals?

11.A poster in a Yonkers classroom highlights fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Which group description matches those halogens?

12.A periodic table hangs in a White Plains classroom. What is the difference between a group and a period?

13.During a bonding lesson in Long Island, a teacher asks for the definition of an ionic bond. Which statement is that definition?

14.A notebook in a Staten Island classroom asks for the definition of a covalent bond. Which statement gives that definition?

15.A Syracuse class uses the balanced equation 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O. If 5 moles of O2 react completely, how many moles of H2O form?

16.Magnesium and calcium appear in the same column on a Poughkeepsie classroom chart. Which description fits those alkaline earth metals?

17.Iron and copper are discussed in a Troy classroom as examples from the center of the periodic table. Which description fits the transition metals?

18.A class in New Rochelle compares atoms in Period 2 from lithium across to fluorine. What generally happens to atomic radius along that path?

19.Students in Schenectady compare the energy needed to remove one electron from atoms across Period 2, from lithium toward fluorine. What is the general trend in that ionization energy?

20.A Binghamton class compares how strongly atoms in Period 2 attract bonding electrons, from lithium toward fluorine. What is the general trend in electronegativity?

21.A neutral sodium atom is drawn in a Flushing classroom with the electron arrangement 2-8-1. How many valence electrons does it have?

22.A neutral sodium atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons. In an Astoria lesson, that atom becomes the ion Na+. How many electrons does Na+ have?

23.A formula drill in Utica uses Mg2+ and Cl−. Which formula has charges that add to zero?

24.Students in Elmira combine Al3+ and O2− on paper until the charges cancel. Which formula is correct?

25.A water molecule is sketched in a Kingston classroom. Oxygen pulls the shared electrons more strongly than hydrogen, and the molecule is bent. What follows from those two facts?

26.A lesson beside the Hudson in Peekskill contrasts forces inside one water molecule with forces between neighboring water molecules. Which statement describes a hydrogen bond?

27.At a diner in Plattsburgh, table salt disappears in a glass of water, while vegetable oil floats as a separate layer. Which explanation fits those observations?

28.A cook in a Riverhead kitchen stirs table salt into water until the salt is no longer visible. In that mixture, which substance is the solute and which is the solvent?

29.A student in Oswego stirs sugar into cold lemonade until sugar grains remain on the bottom and no more sugar dissolves. What kind of solution is in the glass?

30.In a Watertown classroom, a conductivity tester lights in salt water and stays dark in sugar water. Why does the salt water conduct?

31.Ice on a sidewalk in Glens Falls turns into liquid water on a mild afternoon. The substance is still water. What kind of change is this?

32.An iron railing along the Erie Canal in Lockport grows a reddish-brown coating after weeks in wet air. A new substance has formed. What kind of change is this?

33.A sample of helium in a balloon at a fair in Saratoga contains only helium atoms. How should that sample be classified?

34.Water from a drinking fountain in the Finger Lakes is H2O, with hydrogen and oxygen chemically joined in a fixed ratio. How should water be classified?

35.Salt is fully dissolved in a clear pot of water in a Montauk kitchen. A spoonful from the top looks the same as a spoonful from the bottom. What kind of matter is this?

36.A bowl of trail mix at a trailhead in the Adirondacks contains peanuts, raisins, and pretzels that can be picked out separately. What kind of matter is the bowl?

37.After a walk at Coney Island, a student pours sandy ocean water through filter paper. Sand stays on the paper, and water passes through. What is this separation based on?

38.A teacher in Newburgh describes a way to separate a liquid mixture by differences in boiling point, then cool the vapor back into a liquid. What is that method called?

39.In a Garden City classroom, spots of water-based marker ink travel up a paper strip at different speeds and separate into colors. What separation method is this?

40.Two samples of pure water, one from Lake George and one from a lab bottle, are both H2O. Which statement follows from the law of definite proportions?

41.Chalk in an Ithaca classroom is mostly CaCO3. Use 40 for calcium, 12 for carbon, and 16 for oxygen. What percent of the mass is calcium?

42.A biology-chemistry class in the Catskills looks at glucose, C6H12O6. Use 12 for carbon, 1 for hydrogen, and 16 for oxygen. What is the molar mass?

43.A beaker in a Queens lab contains 36 grams of water. Use 18 grams per mole for water. How many moles of water are in the beaker?

44.A class in the Bronx uses 6.02 × 10^23 as the number of particles in one mole. How many molecules are in 0.50 mole of water?

45.Carbon dioxide from a seltzer bottle in a Brooklyn bodega is CO2. Use 12 for carbon and 16 for oxygen. What is the molar mass?

46.Road salt stored in an Albany garage is NaCl. Use 23.0 for sodium and 35.5 for chlorine. What is the molar mass?

47.A lab report in Rochester lists a theoretical yield of 20 grams and an actual yield of 15 grams for the same product. What is the percent yield?

48.A data table uses 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O. The table lists 4 moles of H2 and 1 mole of O2, and both are allowed to react as far as possible. How many moles of H2O form?

49.A 100-gram sample of a compound in a Buffalo lab contains 40 grams of calcium, 12 grams of carbon, and 48 grams of oxygen. Use 40, 12, and 16 as the atomic masses. What is the empirical formula?

50.A compound from a classroom model has empirical formula CH2O and a molar mass of 180 grams per mole. Use 12, 1, and 16. What is the molecular formula?

51.A sugar maple lesson in the Catskills uses 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2. If 12 moles of CO2 react completely, how many moles of glucose form?

52.A worksheet about an iron fence in Niagara Falls shows 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3. Is the equation balanced?

53.A board in a Jamestown classroom shows 2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO. Which atom count shows that the equation is balanced?

54.Students in Cortland classify 2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO. Two substances combine and one product forms. Which reaction type is that?

55.A card on a desk in Oneonta shows CaCO3 → CaO + CO2. One compound forms two simpler substances. Which reaction type is that?

56.Hard-water scale is discussed in a Hudson Valley class with the equation Na2CO3 + CaCl2 → CaCO3 + 2 NaCl. The positive ions trade partners. Which reaction type is that?

57.A pocket warmer used on a cold morning in Plattsburgh gives off heat to a gloved hand. How is that energy change classified?

58.An instant cold pack from a trainer's kit in a Syracuse gym feels cold against the skin because the process inside takes in heat. How is that energy change classified?

59.A city bus in the Bronx is described in class as using a catalytic converter. The converter speeds a reaction and is still there afterward. What is the role of a catalyst?

60.Two identical antacid tablets are dropped into the same kind of water in a Buffalo classroom. One tablet is whole and the other is crushed into powder. The powder fizzes faster. Why?

61.A class in Ithaca watches the same vinegar and baking-soda mixture in two cups. The warmer cup fizzes faster than the colder cup. Why does the warmer mixture react faster?

62.A closed container in a Rochester lab has reached chemical equilibrium. Which statement describes that condition?

63.A system at equilibrium is shown on a board in Queens. More of a reactant is added, and the temperature and volume stay the same. Which way does the equilibrium shift?

64.A sealed syringe of air in an Albany classroom has a volume of 2.0 liters at 1.0 atmosphere. The temperature stays the same while the pressure becomes 4.0 atmospheres. What is the new volume?

65.A flexible sealed bag of air in a Manhattan classroom has a volume of 2.0 liters at 300 kelvin. The pressure stays constant while the temperature becomes 450 kelvin. What is the new volume?

66.A thermometer in a Brooklyn classroom reads 25 degrees Celsius. Using the classroom rule of adding 273, what is that temperature in kelvin?

67.A worksheet in Yonkers says one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 liters at STP. What volume does 2.0 moles occupy at STP?

68.Students on a ferry in New York Harbor model the air inside a sealed ball. According to kinetic molecular theory, what causes the gas pressure on the ball's inner wall?

69.A class in Staten Island compares two nonpolar oxygen molecules. What attractive force can act between those molecules?

70.Snow on a bench in Central Park changes from solid ice to liquid water. What is the name of that phase change?

71.On a cold subway car in Manhattan, water droplets appear on the inside of a window as moist air cools. What phase change forms those droplets?

72.A shipping cooler arriving in Albany holds solid carbon dioxide. The solid disappears into gas without forming a puddle. What phase change is that?

73.A kettle of water boils on a stove in a Buffalo apartment. The pressure stays constant. What happens to the temperature of the water while it boils?

74.A mug of water in a Utica kitchen has a mass of 100 grams. The water warms by 5 degrees Celsius. Use 4 joules per gram per degree Celsius as the specific heat. How much heat does the water absorb?

75.Ice cubes with a mass of 10 grams melt in a glass of lemonade in Saratoga. Use 334 joules per gram as the heat of fusion. How much heat is absorbed to melt the ice?

76.A balance in a Hempstead lab displays 0.00450 gram. How many significant figures are in that measurement?

77.A student in White Plains measures a density of 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter. The accepted value is 3.0. What is the percent error, using the accepted value in the denominator?

78.A mass recorded in a Poughkeepsie lab is 0.0045 gram. Which form is that number in scientific notation?

79.A calculation in a Schenectady classroom multiplies (2.0 × 10^3) by (3.0 × 10^4). What is the product in scientific notation?

80.A copper wire in a Rochester workshop bends without breaking and conducts electricity. Which description matches metallic bonding?

81.A notebook in Binghamton shows Zn + Cu(NO3)2 → Zn(NO3)2 + Cu. Zinc takes copper's place in the compound. Which reaction type is this?

82.A juice carton from a deli in the Bronx holds 350 milliliters. How many liters is that?

83.A labeled bottle in a Queens classroom contains 1.5 moles of dissolved table salt in 3.0 liters of solution. What is the molarity?

84.A stoichiometry card in Albany shows HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O. How many moles of NaOH react with 0.40 mole of HCl?

85.In a water solution tested in a Syracuse classroom, an Arrhenius acid is added. What does that acid do in the water?

86.A solution in a Brooklyn classroom is described as an Arrhenius base. What does that base do in water?

87.Vinegar on a salad in a Manhattan deli contains acetic acid, which ionizes only partly in water. How is that acid classified?

88.A drop of phenolphthalein is already in two labeled samples in a Yonkers lab. It stays colorless in the acidic sample and turns pink in the basic sample. What is the job of this indicator?

89.A biology class in Ithaca describes blood as a buffer. What does a buffer do when a small amount of acid or base is added?

90.A redox chart in a Harlem classroom defines the two half-changes. Which statement uses those definitions correctly?

91.Students assign oxidation numbers in H2O during a lesson in Flushing. Which assignment is correct?

92.A tank of oxygen gas, O2, is discussed in a Long Island classroom. What is the oxidation number of oxygen in O2?

93.A voltaic-cell diagram in a Newburgh classroom labels the electrode where electrons leave the reactant. At which electrode does oxidation occur?

94.The same voltaic-cell diagram asks where reduction occurs. Which electrode is the site of reduction?

95.A voltaic cell is drawn in an Elmira notebook, with a wire connecting the electrodes. In which direction do electrons travel through the wire?

96.A radiation card in a Buffalo classroom describes an alpha particle. Which description matches that particle?

97.Carbon-14 has atomic number 6 and mass number 14. In a lesson in the Bronx, it undergoes beta decay. Which nucleus is produced?

98.A nucleus in a classroom model emits gamma radiation and no particle. What happens to the atomic number and the mass number?

99.A sealed classroom sample starts at 80 grams of a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 10 years. How much of that isotope remains after 30 years?

100.Another sealed sample in the same lesson drops from 160 grams of an isotope to 10 grams of that isotope. How many half-lives passed?

101.A model element used in a Troy classroom has two isotopes. 75 percent have mass 20, and 25 percent have mass 24. What is the average atomic mass?

102.Chlorine's atomic number is 17. A chlorine-37 atom is discussed in a Massena classroom. How many neutrons does it have?

103.An atom drawn in a Geneva classroom has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. What is its mass number?

104.Magnesium's atomic number is 12. A neutral magnesium atom becomes Mg2+ in a formula exercise in Batavia. How many electrons does Mg2+ have?

105.A model kit in a Hudson classroom builds one water molecule, with two bonds and two lone pairs on oxygen. What is the shape of the molecule?

106.A model of carbon dioxide, CO2, is built in a Corning classroom. The central carbon has two double bonds and no lone pairs. What is the molecular shape?

107.A model of methane, CH4, is built in a Oneida classroom. Carbon is bonded to four hydrogen atoms and has no lone pairs. What is the molecular shape?

108.A board in a Westchester classroom lists small hydrocarbons. Which formula is an alkane, a hydrocarbon with only single bonds between carbon atoms?