Test of Essential Academic Skills Science

1.Which vessel receives oxygen-rich blood ejected by the left ventricle?

2.Which statement about the pulmonary artery is correct?

3.Which vessel carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

4.Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs returns to which heart chamber first?

5.Which structure normally starts each heartbeat?

6.Where does oxygen in inhaled air normally enter the blood?

7.What does the diaphragm do during a normal inhalation?

8.Which structure covers the laryngeal opening while a person swallows?

9.During quiet exhalation, what does the diaphragm do?

10.Bile is a digestive fluid. Which organ produces it?

11.Where does most absorption of digested nutrients occur?

12.After bile is made, which organ stores it and later releases it into the small intestine?

13.Which organ absorbs water from the residue left after nutrients have been absorbed?

14.Which process moves food along the esophagus toward the stomach?

15.Which autonomic division raises heart rate during a fight-or-flight response?

16.What does a myelin sheath do for an impulse on a healthy axon?

17.Which brain region coordinates balance and smooth voluntary movement?

18.A pressure signal travels from the skin toward the spinal cord. Which cell carries it?

19.Which description fits skeletal muscle?

20.Which proteins slide past one another when a sarcomere shortens?

21.Which structure connects a muscle to a bone?

22.Which structure connects one bone to another bone?

23.Which cells break down bone matrix during remodeling?

24.Which cells secrete new bone matrix?

25.Which bones belong to the axial skeleton?

26.Which hormone is released by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose?

27.Several hours after a meal, liver glycogen is broken down and blood glucose rises. Which hormone promotes that rise?

28.Which gland produces thyroxine?

29.Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidney collecting ducts?

30.Aldosterone acts on the kidney mainly to increase reabsorption of which ion?

31.Which cells secrete large amounts of antibody?

32.In immunology, what is an antigen?

33.Macrophages bring bacteria into the cell and digest them. What is that process called?

34.As lymph flows through lymph nodes, what do the nodes mainly do?

35.What is the functional unit of the kidney?

36.Where does filtration of blood in the kidney begin?

37.Which tube carries urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder?

38.Which tube carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?

39.Which layer of the skin is the outermost?

40.What is the main protective job of melanin in the epidermis?

41.What does evaporation of sweat mainly do for body temperature?

42.Which organs produce egg cells and release estrogen and progesterone?

43.Which organs produce sperm and testosterone?

44.Where does fertilization of an egg cell usually occur?

45.Which organelle releases energy from food molecules as ATP?

46.Which structure builds a protein by joining amino acids?

47.Which base pairing occurs in a DNA double helix?

48.Which description matches the plasma membrane of a human cell?

49.A membrane lets water through but not salt. Pure water is on one side and salt water is on the other. Where does water move by osmosis?

50.A drop of food dye spreads through still water without stirring. What is that movement called?

51.Sodium is already more concentrated outside a cell, yet the cell pumps more sodium out. What is that movement?

52.How does an enzyme increase the speed of a reaction?

53.An enzyme is heated well past its working temperature and stops working. What most likely happened?

54.Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

55.In a eukaryotic cell, what does transcription of a gene produce?

56.Where is the codon sequence of mRNA translated into a polypeptide?

57.Mitosis of a human body cell usually produces what?

58.What is the usual functional product of meiosis in humans?

59.Body temperature rises, sweating increases, and the temperature falls back toward its set point. What is this an example of?

60.Which feature distinguishes a typical bacterium from a typical animal cell?

61.Which organelle is studded with ribosomes and helps produce proteins that will be secreted?

62.What is a main job of the Golgi apparatus?

63.An animal cell is placed in a solution hypertonic to the cell interior. What happens to the cell?

64.Which small units are linked to form a protein?

65.Starch and glycogen are large carbohydrates. Which units are linked to build them?

66.How many nucleotide bases make up one codon on messenger RNA?

67.The atomic number of an element equals which count?

68.Two neutral atoms are isotopes of the same element. What must be true?

69.A sodium atom loses one electron. The resulting ion is what?

70.A fruit drink has a pH of 3. How should it be classified?

71.A solution has a pH of 11. How should it be classified?

72.What kind of bond holds the atoms together inside a single water molecule?

73.Solid sodium chloride is held together mainly by which kind of bond?

74.A metal sample has a mass of 45 g and a volume of 9 cm3. What is its density?

75.Which statement about a catalyst is correct?

76.On the periodic table, a period is which set of elements?

77.Why are the noble gases generally unreactive?

78.In the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what does an acid do?

79.Which equation is a synthesis reaction?

80.Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon, with plenty of oxygen, produces which products?

81.A neutral magnesium atom has 12 protons. How many electrons does it have?

82.Sugar dissolves in water to make a sweet mixture. In that mixture, sugar is the what?

83.Elements in one vertical column of the periodic table belong to the same what?

84.A reaction releases heat, and the surrounding water becomes warmer. How is the reaction classified?

85.Which electrons are mainly involved when atoms form chemical bonds?

86.During an ordinary chemical reaction in a closed container, which quantity stays the same?

87.A class changes water temperature and times how long a sugar cube takes to dissolve. Which variable is independent?

88.Researchers drop the same boxed glass from the same height onto three kinds of foam. They record whether the glass breaks. What is the dependent variable?

89.Seedlings are grown under red, blue, or green light, and light color should be the only difference. Which factor should stay constant?

90.Matched tomato plants are grown either with a new fertilizer or without it. What is the untreated set called?

91.Which statement is a testable hypothesis?

92.Eight volunteers answer a sleep survey, and the result is then applied to the whole country. What is the main weakness?

93.Towns that sell more umbrellas also report more rainy days. Which conclusion is justified?

94.An engineer changes the angle of a ramp and measures how far a toy cart rolls across the floor. Which variable is independent?

95.A cook heats soup to several temperatures and records the minutes needed for a carrot in the soup to soften. The number of minutes is which variable?

96.People who own running shoes have lower resting heart rates, and those owners also exercise more. Why is it weak to blame the shoes?

97.Forty pots of seedlings receive a soil additive, and forty matched pots do not. Why include the untreated pots?

98.A student times one pendulum swing, then times twenty swings and divides by twenty. Why is the second method usually better?

99.A researcher writes, 'If the salt concentration rises, then the fraction of seeds that germinate falls.' What is that sentence?

100.Seeds are kept at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 30 degrees C, with every other condition matched. Germination is highest at 20 degrees C. Which conclusion fits the trial?

101.A circuit test changes wire thickness but uses the same battery, bulb, and wire length. What are those unchanged items?

102.Children who spend more hours at playgrounds also tend to have more sunburns. Which interpretation is the strongest?

103.A student changes both the light intensity and the amount of fertilizer, then measures plant height. Why can the student not credit the fertilizer alone?

104.A student reads 21 degrees C on a thermometer in a beaker and writes four sentences. Which sentence is the observation?

105.Two teams count butterflies in one meadow. One team surveys 5 plots, and the other surveys 50 plots chosen the same way. Why is the 50-plot count usually more trustworthy?

106.Which hypothesis could be shown to be false by a measurement?

107.Over a year, ice-cream sales and swimming-pool visits rise and fall together. What should a careful reader conclude?

108.Bacteria are counted in pond water that passed through a new filter and in water from the same bucket that did not. What does the unfiltered water provide?